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(a)
To determine: If the given reaction is classified as free-radical chain reaction, reaction involving strong bases and strong nucleophiles or reaction involving strong acids and strong electrophiles.
Interpretation: If the given reaction is classified as free-radical chain reaction, reaction involving strong bases and strong nucleophiles or reaction involving strong acids and strong electrophiles is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: A molecule that is uncharged and contains an unpaired electron is termed as free radical. Free radicals are highly reactive materials but they have a short life span. The reaction that involves the presence of free radical throughout is termed as free-radical chain reaction.
The replacement or substitution of one
(b)
To determine: If the given reaction is classified as free-radical chain reaction, reaction involving strong bases and strong nucleophiles or reaction involving strong acids and strong electrophiles.
Interpretation: If the given reaction is classified as free-radical chain reaction, reaction involving strong bases and strong nucleophiles or reaction involving strong acids and strong electrophiles is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: A molecule that is uncharged and contains an unpaired electron is termed as free radical. Free radicals are highly reactive material but they have a short life span. The reaction that involves the presence of free radical throughout is termed as free-radical chain reaction.
The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. There are two types of substitution reaction. First one is electrophilic substitution reaction in which electrophile is present as a reagent and second one is nucleophilic substitution reaction in which nucleophile is present as a reagent.
(c)
To determine: If the given reaction is classified as free-radical chain reaction, reaction involving strong bases and strong nucleophiles or reaction involving strong acids and strong electrophiles.
Interpretation: If the given reaction is classified as free-radical chain reaction, reaction involving strong bases and strong nucleophiles or reaction involving strong acids and strong electrophiles is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: A molecule that is uncharged and contains an unpaired electron is termed as free radical. Free radicals are highly reactive material but they have a short life span. The reaction that involves the presence of free radical throughout is termed as free-radical chain reaction.
The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. There are two types of substitution reaction. First one is electrophilic substitution reaction in which electrophile is present as a reagent and second one is nucleophilic substitution reaction in which nucleophile is present as a reagent
(d)
To determine: If the given reaction is classified as free-radical chain reaction, reaction involving strong bases and strong nucleophiles or reaction involving strong acids and strong electrophiles.
Interpretation: If the given reaction is classified as free-radical chain reaction, reaction involving strong bases and strong nucleophiles or reaction involving strong acids and strong electrophiles is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: A molecule that is uncharged and contains an unpaired electron is termed as free radical. Free radicals are highly reactive material but they have a short life span. The reaction that involves the presence of free radical throughout is termed as free-radical chain reaction.
The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. There are two types of substitution reaction. First one is electrophilic substitution reaction in which electrophile is present as a reagent and second one is nucleophilic substitution reaction in which nucleophile is present as a reagent
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
- true or false 1. The rate of a reaction is independent of temperature.2. Slow reactions can be speeded up by raising the temperature.3. Reaction rates increase with increasing temperature.4. Solid catalysts do not affect reaction rates.5. Reactions involving very unstable combinations of chemicals have large rate constants.arrow_forwardConsider this reaction: Br CH3OH Br-Br H3CO The mechanism proceeds through a first cationic intermediate, intermediate 1. Nucleophilic attack leads to intermediate 2, which goes on to form the final product. In cases that involve a negatively charged nucleophile, the attack of the nucleophile leads directly to the product. H. Br + CH;OH Br Intermediate 2 (product) Intermediate 1 In a similar fashion, draw intermediate 1 and intermediate 2 (final product) for the following reaction. OH + Br2 + HBr Br racemic mixturearrow_forwardFor each reaction in question 20, sketch a reaction coordinate energy diagram indicating the starting materials, transition states and any intermediates, if present, in the reaction. Don't worry about the absolute energy of starting materials and products but you can assume that the product is more stable than the starting materials.arrow_forward
- 10. In free-radical substitution reaction of alkanes with halogens under uv light, A. the photolytic breaking of the halogen is the rate determining step. B. the abstraction of hydrogen from alkane by the halogen radical is the rate determining step C. the formation of alkylradical is the rate determining step. D. the formation of halogen radical is the rate determining step. 11. Which of the following processes could be the termination step in free radical substitution reaction? A. C₂H6 ---→ 2CH3- B. C₂H6 +H --⇒ H₂ + C₂H5 C. CH3 + CH3 --→ C₂H6 D. C₂H5 --→ C₂H4 + Harrow_forward10. In free-radical substitution reaction of alkanes with halogens under uv light, A. the photolytic breaking of the halogen is the rate determining step. B. the abstraction of hydrogen from alkane by the halogen radical is the rate determining step C. the formation of alkylradical is the rate determining step. D. the formation of halogen radical is the rate determining step. 11. Which of the following processes could be the termination step in free radical substitution reaction? A. C₂H6 ---→ 2CH3 B. C₂H6 +H. --→ H₂ + C₂H5 C. CH3 + CH3 --→ C₂H₂ D. C₂H5 --→ C₂H4 + H 12. Which of the following is the most stable carbonium ion intermediate? A. primary carbonium ion B. secondary carbonium ion C. tertiary carbonium ion D. allyl carbonium ionarrow_forwardConsider this reaction: Br CH;OH Br-Br H3CO The mechanism proceeds through a first cationic intermediate, intermediate 1. Nucleophilic attack leads to intermediate 2, which goes on to form the final product. In cases that involve a negatively charged nucleophile, the attack of the nucleophile leads directly to the product. Br + CH3OH Br Intermediate 1 Intermediate 2 (product) In a similar fashion, draw intermediate 1 and intermediate 2 (final product) for the following reaction. OH + Br2 + HBr Br racemic mixturearrow_forward
- Figure 5 shows the mechanism of a reaction of an alkene. Select the correct statements. * A- This mechanism has three elementary steps. B- Bromine is a nucleophile in the reaction. C- The mechanism has two reactive intermediates. D- Markovnikov's rule can be applied to predict the product of the reaction. E - This reaction proceeds through a 2⁰ carbocation intermediate.arrow_forwardWhat kind of reaction is an 'Grignard reaction'? Also What is the critical intermediate that can be isolated?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a second chain propagation step in the free radical chlorination of ethane? A. Cl· + Cl· + hv → Cl2 B. CH;CH2• + •CI → CH3CH2CI O C. Cl2 → 2Cl· D. CH3CH2• + Cl2 → CH3CH2CI + Cl• O E. CH3CH2 •+ • CH2CH3 CH2CH3 - CH3CH2CH2CH3arrow_forward
- 5. Classify the following reagents as either nucleophiles or electrophiles: Zn2* , CH3NH2 , HS , OH2 , CH3COOH, H2SO4arrow_forwardC5H8 + 7O2 → 5CO2 + 4H2O type of reactionarrow_forward10. Draw an energy diagram for the addition of HBr to 1-pentene. Let one curve on your diagram show the formation of 1-bromopentane product and another curve on the same diagram show the formation of 2- bromopentane product. Draw and label the positions for all reactants, intermediates, and products. Which curve has the higher-energy carbocation intermediate? Which curve has the higher-energy first transition state?arrow_forward
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