Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure for
Concept Introduction:
Lewis structure is also known as Lewis dot diagrams or electron dot structures. The bond between atoms and lone pairs of electrons that is present in the molecule. Lewis structure represents each atom and their position in structure using the chemical symbol. Excess electrons forms the lone pair are given by pair of dots, and are located next to the atom.
(b)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure for
Concept Introduction:
Refer part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure for
Concept Introduction:
Refer part (a).
(d)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure for
Concept Introduction:
Refer part (a).
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Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- Write the Lewis structures for the following, and include resonance structures where appropriate. Indicate which has the strongest carbon-oxygen bond.(a) CO2(b) COarrow_forward(a) Use Lewis symbols to represent the reaction that occursbetween Ca and F atoms. (b) What is the chemical formulaof the most likely product? (c) How many electrons are transferred?(d) Which atom loses electrons in the reaction?arrow_forwardEach of the chemically active Period 2 elements forms stable compounds in which it has bonds to fluorine. (a) What are the names and formulas of these compounds? (b) Does ∆EN increase or decrease left to right across the period? (c) Does percent ionic character increase or decrease left to right? (d) Draw Lewis structures for these compoundsarrow_forward
- Draw a Lewis structure for(a) The cyclic silicate ion Si₄O₁₂⁸⁻(b) A cyclic hydrocarbon with formula C₄H₈arrow_forwardWrite Lewis structures for the following molecules or ions. (Assign lone pairs, radical electrons, and atomic charges where appropriate.) (a) SbO43− (b) ICl6− (c) SO32- (d) HOBrOarrow_forwardBased on the Lewis structure for H3C—NH2, the calculated value for the formal charge in the nitrogen atom is (a) -2 (b) +3 (c) -3 (d) +2 (e) 0arrow_forward
- Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules and ions. In each case, the atoms can be connected in only one way. (a) Br2 (b) H2S (c) N2H4 (d) N2H2 (e) CN- (f) NH4+ (g) N2 (h) O2arrow_forwardAmmonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a very soluble salt in water.(a) Draw the Lewis structures of the ammonium and chlorideions. (b) Is there an N—Cl bond in solid ammonium chloride?(c) If you dissolve 14 g of ammonium chloride in 500.0 mLof water, what is the molar concentration of the solution?(d) How many grams of silver nitrate do you need to add tothe solution in part (c) to precipitate all of the chloride as silverchloride?arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions that relate to the chemistry of nitrogen. (a) Two nitrogen atoms combine to form a nitrogen molecule, as represented by the following equation. 2 N(g) ® N2(g) Using the table of average bond energies below, determine the enthalpy change, AH, for the reaction. Average Bond Energy (k) mol-1) Bond N-N 160 N=N 420 N°N 950 (b) The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia is represented below. N2(g) + 3 H2(g)® 2 NH3(g) AH° = -92.2 kJ Predict the sign of the standard entropy change, AS', for the reaction. Justify your answer. (C) The value of AG° for the reaction represented in part (b) is negative at low temperatures but positive at high temperatures. Explain.arrow_forward
- Two substances with empirical formula HNO are hyponi-trous acid ( μ=62.04 g /mol) and nitroxyl (μ=31.02 g/mol).(a) What is the molecular formula of each species?(b) For each species, draw the Lewis structure having the lowestformal charges. (Hint:Hyponitrous acid has an N=N bond.)(c) Predict the shape around the N atoms of each species.(d) When hyponitrous acid loses two protons, it forms the hy-ponitrite ion. Draw cisand transforms of this ion.arrow_forwardThe elements sodium, aluminum, and chlorine are in the same period. (a) Which has the greatest electronegativity? (b) Which of the atoms is smallest? (c) Which is the largest possible oxidation state for each of these elements? (d) Will the oxide of each element in the highest oxidation state (write its formula) be acidic, basic, or amphoteric?arrow_forwardUse principles of atomic structure to answer each of the following: (1] (a) The radius of the Ca atom is 197 pm; the radius of the Ca2* ion is 99 pm. Account for the difference. (b) The lattice energy of CaO(s) is –3460 kJ/mol; the lattice energy of K20 is –2240 kJ/mol. Account for the difference. (c) Given these ionization values, explain the difference between Ca and K with regard to their first and second ionization energies. Element First lonization Energy (kJ/mol) Second lonization Energy (kJ/mol) K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 (d) The first ionization energy of Mg is 738 kJ/mol and that of Al is 578 kJ/mol. Account for this difference.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning