Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43.4, Problem 2CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS There are vast stores of organic matter in the soils of northern coniferous forests and tundra around the world. Suggest an explanation for why scientists who study global warming are closely monitoring these stores (see Figures 7.2 and 42.13).
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MAKE CONNECTIONS Describe the relationship between pH andacidity. (See Concept 3.3.) Overall, is the precipitation in this forest becomingmore acidic or less acidic?
Interconnectedness of the Biosphere and Atmosphere
Question: Please propose an explanation for the correlation between the annual fluctuations of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and annual cycles
of phytoplankton biomass shown in the figures below. Describe the mechanisms that lead to the correlation you proposed.
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT Northern Hemisphere
SCIAMACHY
390
Mauna Loa, Hawaii, USA (3397 m), NOAA/ESRL
Mace Head, Ireland (25 m), NOAA/ESRL
380
SCIAMACHY
370
XCO, [ppm]
364
376
388
360
Michael.Buchwitz@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de
NOAA data: ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccg/co2/flask/month/
350
1994
1996 1998
2000
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Fig. 1: Annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean.
MMMM
Winter
Summer
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
В I
Integrated
CO, mixing ratio [ppm]
DI
MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the discussion of feedback regulation in Concept 1.1. Could effects of globalwarming on peatlands alter CO2 concentrations in waysthat result in negative or positive feedback? Explain.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.1 - WHAT IF? Imagine two populations of a fish...Ch. 43.2 - How does the reduced genetic diversity of small...Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.2 - WHAT IF? In 2005, at least ten grizzly bears in...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.4 - How can the addition of excess mineral nutrients...
Ch. 43.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS There are vast stores of organic...Ch. 43.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.6 - WHAT IF? Suppose a new fishery is discovered, and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION The fossil record indicates...Ch. 43 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 43 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Big cats, such as the...
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- WRITE ABOUT A THEME: Energy and MatterDecomposition typically occurs quickly in moist tropicalforests. However, waterlogging in the soil of some moisttropical forests results over time in a buildup of organicmatter called “peat.” In a short essay (100–150 words), discussthe relationship of net primary production, net ecosystemproduction, and decomposition for such an ecosystem. AreNPP and NEP likely to be positive? What do you think wouldhappen to NEP if a landowner drained the water from atropical peatland, exposing the organic matter to air?arrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS Refer to the discussion of oceanacidification in Concept 3.3. Ocean acidification andchanges in the distribution of C3 and C4 plants may seemto be two very different problems, but what do theyhave in common? Explain.arrow_forwardplease draw! Create a model which accurately, in detail, depicts the potential pathways of carbon (biomass) and energy in an ecosystem with at least five trophic levels (don’t forget your decomposers, they can count as one trophic level). Make sure to incorporate the multiple pathways that biomass and energy could take at each trophic level. Lastly, clearly illustrate how carbon and energy flow in this ecosystem. Be sure to include adequate levels of detail for all pathways and differentiate the flow of carbon and energy in your model.arrow_forward
- Local conditions, such as heavy rainfall or the removal of plants, may limit the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, or calcium available to a particular terrestrial ecosystem, but the amount of carbon available to the ecosystem is seldom a problem. Why?arrow_forwardThinking Analytically Is phytoplankton productivity highest at the ocean surface? What advantage would optimum productivity at a depth below the surface provide to phytoplankton?arrow_forwardplease draw! make everything clear please! Create a model which accurately, in detail, depicts the potential pathways of carbon (biomass) and energy in an ecosystem with at least five trophic levels (don’t forget your decomposers, they can count as one trophic level). Make sure to incorporate the multiple pathways that biomass and energy could take at each trophic level. Lastly, clearly illustrate how carbon and energy flow in this ecosystem. Be sure to include adequate levels of detail for all pathways and differentiate the flow of carbon and energy in your model.arrow_forward
- With schematic outline briefly explain carbon and oxygen cycle in hydrospherearrow_forwardDescribe the flow of energy through the biotic community and include the forms into which solar radiation is converted. How does this flow differ from the manner in which matter is moved through the ecosystem?arrow_forwardIf decomposers usually grow faster and decompose material more quicklyin warmer ecosystems, why is decomposition in hot deserts relatively slow?arrow_forward
- ATMOSPHERIC N, B. REDUCED NITROGEN OXIDIZED NITROGEN (NH,; NH,") (NO,; NO, The "nitrogen triangle" is shown. In which side of the triangle is N20, a greenhouse gas, produced? A) O side A B) O side B C) O side C D) O none of the abovearrow_forwardCreate a model which accurately, in detail, depicts the potential pathways of carbon and energy in an ecosystem with the following organisms: grass, mice, snakes, and hawks (don’t forget your decomposers as well).Make sure to incorporate multiple pathways and clearly illustrate how carbon and energy flow in this ecosystem.arrow_forwardQ5 [Create a box-and-arrow model for the Lake Michigan/MSU Red Cedar River ecosystem that illustrates how a carbon atom from phytoplankton in Lake Michigan could become part of a willow tree along the bank of the Red Cedar River. Make sure to label the arrows with carbon processes. You should include alewife, Chinook salmon, zooplankton, phytoplankton, aquatic decomposers, and willow trees in your boxes and the appropriate carbon cycle processes on the arrows.arrow_forward
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