Concept explainers
Write a possible mRNA sequence that codes for each peptide.
- lle-Met-Lys-Ser-Tyr
- Pro-Gln-Glu-Asp-Phe
- Thr-Ser-Asn-Arg
(a)
Interpretation:
Possible mRNA sequence that codes for Ile-Met-Lys-Ser-Tyr should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Genetic code − DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis.
Answer to Problem 61P
5' AUU-AUG-AAA-UCU-UAU 3'
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5') to 3 prime ends (3') of mRNA. There is a specific sequence of nucleotides for each amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid. For Isoleucine amino acid (Ile) there are 3 different but unique codons are there, which are AUU, AUC and AUA. Likewise, for each amino acid, there are several triplets. Therefore, for a particular amino acid sequence there can be different triplet codes.
5' AUU-AUG-AAA-UCU-UAU 3' is a one possible mRNA sequence for Ile-Met-Lys-Ser-Tyr sequence.
(b)
Interpretation:
Possible mRNA sequence that codes for Pro-Gln-Glu-Asp-Phe should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Genetic code − DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis.
Answer to Problem 61P
5' CCU-CAA-GAA-GAU-UUU 3'
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5') to 3 prime ends (3') of mRNA. There is a specific sequence of nucleotides for each amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid. For Proline amino acid (Pro) there are 4 different but unique codons are there, which are CCU, CCC, CCA and CCG. Likewise, for each amino acid, there are several triplets. Therefore, for a particular amino acid sequence there can be different triplet codes.
5' CCU-CAA-GAA-GAU-UUU 3' is a one possible mRNA sequence for Pro-Gln-Glu-Asp-Phe sequence.
(c)
Interpretation:
Possible mRNA sequence that codes for Thr-Ser-Asn-Arg should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Genetic code − DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis.
Answer to Problem 61P
5' ACU-UCU-AAU-CGU 3'
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5') to 3 prime ends (3') of mRNA. There is a specific sequence of nucleotides for each amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid. For Threonine amino acid (Thr) there are 3 different but unique codons are there, which are ACU, ACC, ACA and ACG. Likewise, for each amino acid, there are several triplets. Therefore, for a particular amino acid sequence there can be different triplet codes.
5' ACU-UCU-AAU-CGU 3'is a one possible mRNA sequence for Thr-Ser-Asn-Arg sequence.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
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