Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 6P
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Photosyntheis related question (s):
When protons move out of the thylakoid, are they moving up or down their concentration gradient? (From low to high concentration or from high to low concentration?)
What protein(s) facilitate the transport of protons out of the thylakoid?
We can write the formula for photosynthesis as follows:
6 H2O + 6 CO2 + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
How would you write a formula for the light reactions? Include ATP, ADP, NADP and NADPH as relevant?
How would you write a formula for the Calvin cycle? Include ATP, ADP, NADP and NADPH as relevant.
Oxygenic photosynthesis in eukaryotes (in the chloroplasts of green algae and green plants) consumeswhich of the following substrate molecules (to generate glucose, water, and oxygen product molecules)?A. C12H22O11 + H2OB. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2OC. 6CO2 + 12H2OD. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6E. 6CO2 + 12H2S
In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to power the synthesis of ATP than is required across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Explain this difference.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 21 - P700* Has the Most Negative Standard Reduction...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PCh. 21 - Prob. 3PCh. 21 - Prob. 4PCh. 21 - The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in...Ch. 21 - pH and in the Chloroplast Proton-Motive Force...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7PCh. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - Prob. 9PCh. 21 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 21 - Tracing the Fate of CO2 During Photosynthesis...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12PCh. 21 - Prob. 13PCh. 21 - The Source of the Oxygen Atoms in Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15PCh. 21 - Prob. 16PCh. 21 - Prob. 17PCh. 21 - The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 19PCh. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - Prob. 21P
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- Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria also uncouple photoelectron transport and ATP synthesis in chloroplasts. Give an explanation for this observationarrow_forwardFor the chloroplast, the thylakoid membrane separates the thylakoid lumen from the stroma; the protons from the photosystems are transported, like with the mitochondrial inner membrane, against the gradient from the lumen to the stroma. However, the pH(lumen) – pH (stroma) is much larger, about 3.4. Calculate delta psi (the electric potential) for the thylakoid membrane, given that ∆G of proton transport is about the same as for the mitochondrion. Then comment on its permeability to ions, compared to the mitochondrial inner membrane’s permeability to ions.arrow_forwardglycolysis vs Photosynthsis List the similarities and differeces Explain their functions Explain why they have their ETC . Explain the concept of autotroph . Who is the last electron acceptor in Cellular Respiration and why? Who is the last electron acceptor in Photosynthesis and why?arrow_forward
- Photosynthesis and Respiration 121 Typical Plant Cell Chloroplasts Central Vacuole All of the unicellular algae and multicellular plants are eukaryotic and have specialized organelles called chloroplasts. The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and enzymes for the photosynthesis process. The exceptions to this rule are the photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). They are prokaryotic; that is, they don't have cell organelles like chloroplasts. However, cyanobacteria do photosynthesis, and they have chlorophyll. The chloroplast has many specialized structures. Stacks of discs, called grana, contain the chlorophyll and act like photoelectric cells. When light shines on these grana, the electrons of the chlorophyll are "activated." This is the first stage of photosynthesis. The second stage of photosynthesis involves the building of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide and water. These two ingredients will not combine unless chemical energy is provided. That energy comes from the "activated"…arrow_forwardPhotosynthetic response curve to light for sun (solid line, N = 14) and shade leaves (dashed line, N = 21) of S. Why in this graph do we see shaded leaves have lower values compared to light leaves as PAR is increasing?arrow_forwardTransport across the inner membrane of chloroplasts depends on the proton gradient established during ATP synthesis, similar to mitochondria. Can someone explain why this statement is false?arrow_forward
- 27/ 50 Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin A Carbon fixation BOxidation of NADPH C. Generation of CO2 acceptor (RuBP) D Release of oxygen E. Consumption of ATParrow_forwardavelengths (Choose J |Choose | graph plotting a pigment's light absorption versus wavelength reaction- center complex is system consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by nt-harvesting complexes absorption spectrum spectrophotometer molecule located in the reaction center accepts excited ctrons photosystem light harvesting complex reaction-center chlorophyll a of this photosystem iş called P680 ause it is best at absorbing a wavelength of 680 nm. primary electron acceptor wavelength PSI estion 4 PS II action spectrum >arrow_forward5a. What is the difference between high and very high energy bond molecules? Give 2 examples of each. 5b. What is the total number of H+ transferred from matrix to intermembrane space of the mitochondria by complexes I, II and III for every 2 electrons movement? What would be the total amount of ATP synthesized (explain)?arrow_forward
- Describe the flow of electrons through photosystems I and II in the noncyclic electron transport pathway and the products produced. Contrast this flow with cyclic electron transport.arrow_forwardAueshion-a Give the LETTER and NAME of the: 3.2.1 Specialized cell in which photosynthesis takes place 3.2.2 Part through which transpiration takes place 3.2.3 Organelle that contains chlorophyll Grandarrow_forwardcomplex 4 cytochrome C oxidase COxidation of one molecule of NADH by the ETC result in transport of 10 protons across the membrane. The c-ring of the ATP synthase in your experimental system contains 12 c subunits. Based on the "binding-change" mechanism of ATP synthesis, how many ATP molecules would be produced from one NADH molecule? n Name the processes that generate NADH during aerobic respiration. For each process, indicate thearrow_forward
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