Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 11P
Tracing the Fate of CO2 During Photosynthesis 14C-labeled carbon dioxide is administered to a green plant, and shortly thereafter the following compounds are isolated from the plant: 3-phosphoglycerate, glucose, erythrose-4-phosphate, sedoheptulose-1 .7-bisphosphate, and ribose-5-phosphate. In which carbon atoms will radioactivity be found?
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Example 14.6
The oxygen requirement for cell growth in glueose can be represented by the following
equation (Mateles, 1971)
32NC+8(Nh2)+16(No2)
Fx/sM
+yo2 – 2.67yc + 1.714YN2 – 8y H2
ro2 =
In which ro2 is the oxygen required for each gram of cells produced, N stands for no. of
atoms present in each molecule substrate, y stands for mass fractions and M is the MW of
the substrate. The yeast cell may be considered to be CH1.800.5NO.2. Calculate rO2 if the
yield factor (Yx/s) is 0.46g of cells produced for each gram of substrate consumed.
If photosynthesizing plants are grown in thepresence of 14CO2, is every carbon atom of the glucose that is produced labeled with the radioactive carbon? Why or why not?
Four species in the Chenopodiaceae were found to have one cell C4 photosynthesis. Givee 3 biochemical properties that could establish that these are C4 plants rather than C3 plants. For each property, describe and explain the test result or data you would expect if the plant is C4 rather than C3.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 21 - P700* Has the Most Negative Standard Reduction...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PCh. 21 - Prob. 3PCh. 21 - Prob. 4PCh. 21 - The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in...Ch. 21 - pH and in the Chloroplast Proton-Motive Force...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7PCh. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - Prob. 9PCh. 21 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 21 - Tracing the Fate of CO2 During Photosynthesis...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12PCh. 21 - Prob. 13PCh. 21 - The Source of the Oxygen Atoms in Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15PCh. 21 - Prob. 16PCh. 21 - Prob. 17PCh. 21 - The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 19PCh. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - Prob. 21P
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- It is biochemical reactions that enable organisms to harness sunlight to manufacture organic molecules? It is a molecule whose high energy phosphate bonds power many biological processes? This is a disk-like structure that makes up the inner membrane of a chloroplast? These are plant pigments responsible for bright red, yellow and orange colors in many fruits and vegetables? These are photosynthetic pigments efficient at absorbing orange, red, yellow, and green light, wavelengths that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll a? TRUE OR FALSE A coupled reaction is a pair of reactions, one exothermic and one endothermic. ATP contains less energy than ADP. In the ATP-ADP cycle, when the phosphate is removed, energy is released. In coupled reaction, an endothermic reaction supplies the energy needed to drive an exothermic reaction. Chlorophyll absorbs green light.arrow_forwardIt is biochemical reactions that enable organisms to harness sunlight to manufacture organic molecules? It is a molecule whose high energy phosphate bonds power many biological processes? This is a disk-like structure that makes up the inner membrane of a chloroplast? These are plant pigments responsible for bright red, yellow and orange colors in many fruits and vegetables? These are photosynthetic pigments efficient at absorbing orange, red, yellow, and green light, wavelengths that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll a?arrow_forwardIn the biosynthesis of heme, ring cyclization, isomerization, and decarboxylation reactions take place. Identify the potential intermediates and show the electron flow in the following diagram. HO,C R1 HO2C- -R2 NH HN- но- NH HN- HO2C R R2 unstable intermediate Uro'gen II HO2C Me Me NH HN- -CO2H HN NH Me Me HO2C CO2H Coproporphyrinogen IIarrow_forward
- . The photosynthetic process used by the green sulfur bacteria, under anaerobic conditions, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? 6CO2 + 12H2S g C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 g C12H22O11 + H2O 6CO2 + 12H2O g C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C12H22O11 + H2O g C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O g 6CO2 + 12H2Oarrow_forwardEDTA was used as photophosphorylation uncoupler/inhibitor of ATP synthesis. What is EDTA and what is its mode of uncoupling? What is its mode of uncoupling in cholorplast? I know EDTA is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and is a chelating agent. I do not understand how to answer the question on its mode of uncoupling. Jagendorf, A.T, and E. Uribe, “ATP formation caused by acid-base transition of spinach chloroplasts, “ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 55 (1965): 170-177arrow_forwardDescribe cyclic and non cyclic photo phosphorylation. Include all the stepsarrow_forward
- avelengths (Choose J |Choose | graph plotting a pigment's light absorption versus wavelength reaction- center complex is system consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by nt-harvesting complexes absorption spectrum spectrophotometer molecule located in the reaction center accepts excited ctrons photosystem light harvesting complex reaction-center chlorophyll a of this photosystem iş called P680 ause it is best at absorbing a wavelength of 680 nm. primary electron acceptor wavelength PSI estion 4 PS II action spectrum >arrow_forwardThe Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)arrow_forwardMelvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?arrow_forward
- Discuss Concepts Like other accessory pigments, the carotenoids extend the range of wavelengths absorbed in photosynthesis. They also protect plants from a potentially lethal process known as photooxidation. This process begins when excitation energy in chlorophylls drives the conversion of oxygen into free radicals, substances that can damage organic compounds and kill cells. When plants that cannot produce carotenoids are grown in light, they bleach white and die. Given this observation, what molecules in the plants are likely to be destroyed by photooxidation?arrow_forwardIdentify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox looparrow_forwardWhat is the significance that the combined absorption spectra of chlorophylls a and b roughly match the action spectrum of photosynthesis? Wouldphotosynthesis be more efficient if their individual absorption spectra coincided exactly?arrow_forward
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