Chapter 2, Problem 20CTQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formal charge of any nitrogen atom with four bonds, three bonds and two bonds should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

Formal charge can be determined by following formula.

  $\text{Formal charge = Group number - No}\text{. lines - No}\text{. of dots}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formal charge of any oxygen atom with three bonds, two bonds and one bonds should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

Formal charge can be determined by following formula.

  $\text{Formal charge = Group number - No}\text{. lines - No}\text{. of dots}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formal charge of any halogen atom with two bonds, one bond and zero bonds should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

Formal charge can be determined by following formula.

  $\text{Formal charge = Group number - No}\text{. lines - No}\text{. of dots}$