Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
To identify which of the given reaction is not feasible.
Concept introduction:
The
(b)
Interpretation:
To identify the reactions which are not feasible in the above part of the question can be made feasible by adding an acid catalyst.
Concept introduction:
The aminolysis reaction and the hydrolysis of ester can be made feasible by the addition of acid catalyst in the reaction mixture.
The acid catalyst first protonates the carbonyl oxygen thus increses the electrophillitcity of the carbonyl carbon and also protonates the nitogen atom making it good leaving group. Thus, the
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 11 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
- Draw the major organic product of the following reaction. Do not draw inorganic byproducts. conc. H2SO4arrow_forwardWhy is it not advisable to use aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Grignard reaction of a ketone? A) The Grignard reagent will react with the acid and cannot react with the ketone. B) The ketone will be protonated and will become unreactive. C) The ketone will form an unreactive enol. D) The Grignard reagent won't dissolve in aqueous solutionsarrow_forwardHere in Chapter 19, we learned that converting a ketone or aldehyde to an acetal is a good way to protect the carbonyl group, because an acetal is composed of ether linkages. In Problem 17.57, we saw that a ketone or aldehyde can be converted into an epoxide, which is a cyclic ether. Why would an epoxide be a poor choice as a protecting group?arrow_forward
- Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following reaction. This reaction combines two processes together: the opening of an epoxide ring with a nucleophile and the addition of an electrophile to a carbon–carbon double bond. (Hint: Begin the mechanism by protonating the epoxide ring.)arrow_forwardDraw the product formed when A is treated with below series of reagents. [1] H2O; [2] NaH; [3] CH3Brarrow_forwardWhat is the major difference between the base-catalyzed and acid-catalyzed processes for nucleophilic addition of water to aldehydes and ketones? a. The base-catalyzed reaction takes place rapidly because hydroxide ion is a much better nucleophile than neutral water. b. The rate of reaction in base catalyzed process is slower than acid catalyzed process. c. The acid-catalyzed reaction takes place rapidly because the protonated carbonyl compound is a much better electrophile than the neutral compound. d. Only 1 and 3 are correct.arrow_forward
- In a reaction between a certain alkyl halide and sodium cyanide, it was found that decreasing the alkyl halide concentration by one half, the rate of the reaction decreased by one half. Which of the following is a reasonable conclusion based on this information? b) The reaction proceeds by the E1 mechanism. c) The reaction proceeds by the SN2 mechanism. a) The reaction proceeds by the SN1 mechanism. d) The reaction proceeds by the E2 mechanism. e) None of these is a reasonable conclusion.arrow_forwardWhich reaction intermediate (A or B) is more likely to form in the epoxide ring opening reaction? Reactions prefer to react through lower energy intermediates. Hint: how might you justify one structure being lower in energy than the other? Draw structures as part of your explanation why. Structure A Structure B ерoxide ring opening HO, : ОН Which alcohol structure shown below would be less acidic? Explain why. F F. Br Br Brarrow_forwarda,B-Unsaturated aldehydes and ketones can undergo reaction with nucleophiles at the B carbon, as shown below. Draw a resonance form for the unsaturated carbonyl that accounts for this reactivity.arrow_forward
- Please draw the correct aromatic organic product for the following reactionarrow_forward1. Provide the mechanism of the reaction shown in the picture. 2. Explain why it cannot be done in basic conditions. 3. Why is the enol tautomer favored over the keto tautomer? Ph H3C OH H H3O+/H₂O HO H3C Pharrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning