Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 3CT
When you sneeze, abdominal muscles abruptly contract, pushing your diaphragm upward. Given the discussion of the respiratory cycle in Section 10.4, why does this change expel air out your nose?
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A customer with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comes to you at the pharmacy and begins to describe her problems, and that she needs oxygen to be able to breathe. You realize that she does not have a basic knowledge of the anatomical structure and function of the respiratory system.
Describe anatomical structure and function of the respiratory system to her and at the same time explain how the oxygen helps her. The description shall include the following:
the basic anatomy
where the gas exchange takes place
which muscle groups are used in the ventilation of the lungs
how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood.
As the diaphragm contracts, the rib cage expands and the lungs fill with air. This is an inhalation true or false
The forces for resting expiration come from the elastic recoil of tissues and from surface tension. The lungs contain considerable elastic tissue, which stretches with lung expansion during inspiration. As the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax following inspiration, the elastic tissues cause the lungs to recoil and return to their original shapes. This pulls the visceral pleural membrane inward, and the parietal pleura and chest wall follow. Also, during inspiration the diaphragm compresses the abdominal organs beneath it. When the diaphragm relaxes, the abdominal organs spring back into their previous shapes, pushing the diaphragm upward(fig. 16.14a). At the same time, the surface tension that develops on the moist surfaces of the alveolar linings decreases the diameters of the alveoli. Together these factors increase intra-alveolar pressure about 1 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure, so that the air inside the lungs is forced out through respiratory passages with no…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 10 - In the diagram below, label the parts of the...Ch. 10 - What is the difference between respiration and...Ch. 10 - Explain what a partial pressure gradient is and...Ch. 10 - What is oxyhemoglobin? Where does it form?Ch. 10 - What drives oxygen from the air spaces in alveoli,...Ch. 10 - How does hemoglobin help maintain the oxygen...Ch. 10 - What reactions enhance the transport of carbon...Ch. 10 - How do nerve impulses from the brain regulate...Ch. 10 - Why does your breathing rate increase when you...Ch. 10 - A partial pressure gradient of oxygen exists...
Ch. 10 - The ________ is an airway that connects the nose...Ch. 10 - Oxygen in air must diffuse across______ to enter...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4SQCh. 10 - Gas exchange occurs at the _______. a. two bronchi...Ch. 10 - Breathing _______. a. ventilates the lungs b....Ch. 10 - After oxygen diffuses into lung capillaries, it...Ch. 10 - Due to its partial pressure gradient, carbon...Ch. 10 - Prob. 9SQCh. 10 - Prob. 10SQCh. 10 - Cases of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2CTCh. 10 - When you sneeze, abdominal muscles abruptly...Ch. 10 - Underwater, we humans cant compete with whales and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5CT
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- The respiratory components of the medulla consist of which of the following? Dorsal respiratory group Apneustic center Ventral respiratory group Pneumotaxic center 1 only 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 4 onlyarrow_forwardA contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut is known as a/an ______________arrow_forwardWithin each lung, the airway forms a branching complex called the _____.arrow_forward
- Callisto has managed to escape Xena, and therefore Xena decides to rest for the night in a small but deep cave at a high altitude in the mountains. Explain how the rate of gas exchange between Xena’s alveolar air and blood changes when she moves to high altitude and describe one possible compensatory change that occurs in her body as the consequence.arrow_forwardRespiration has two meanings. What are they?arrow_forwardThere is a bear in the cave, that runs by Xena to get away from the extensive smoke due to Xena cooking on the fire. Xena holds her breath to avoid the bear hearing her breath. Discuss if Xena could die from holding her breath for too long. Make sure that you justify your answer by referring to the physiological control of respiration.arrow_forward
- Patients with severe cases of COVID-19 (the disease caused by the coronavirus) may not be able to breathe on their own and so need mechanical ventilation. This condition occurs when the virus attacks the lining of the lungs, resulting in a buildup of fluid and dead cells in the alveoli. Using your knowledge of the anatomy and function of human lungs, explain why this condition makes it difficult for adequate gas exchange to occur. please helparrow_forwardPatients with severe cases of COVID-19 (the disease caused by the coronavirus) may not be able to breathe on their own and so need mechanical ventilation. This condition occurs when the virus attacks the lining of the lungs, resulting in a buildup of fluid and dead cells in the alveoli. Using your knowledge of the anatomy and function of human lungs, explain why this condition makes it difficult for adequate gas exchange to occur.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following is a possibility for most of us in regard to breathing, by making a conscious effort? (a) One can breathe out air totally without oxygen. (b) One can breathe out air through Eustachian tube by closing both nose and mouth. (c) One can consciously breathe in and breathe out by moving the diaphragm alone, without moving the ribs at all. (d) The lungs can be made fully empty by forcefully breathing out all air from them. (Mains 2011)arrow_forward
- What is the function of the abundant elastin fibers that occur in the stroma of the lung and around all respiratory tubes from the trachea through the respiratory tree?arrow_forwardCigarette smoke irritates the lining of your airway, causing it to [6]; this makes the diameter of your airway [7] and slows the movement of air. Smoke also slows the movement of [8]. Is a "smoker's cough" due to damage of alveoli or bronchial tubes? [9] Is a long-term smoker's difficulty breathing due to damage of alveoli or bronchial tubes? [10] [11] is a lung disease caused by damage to the alveoli.arrow_forwardDiffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of respiratory system. Why?arrow_forward
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