Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 2AC
In an alternate universe, all the genes in all species have only two alleles, one dominant and one recessive. Would every trait have only two
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In an alternate universe, all the genes in all species haveonly two alleles, one dominant and one recessive. Wouldevery trait have only two phenotypes? Would all membersof a species that are dominant for a given gene have exactlythe same phenotype? Explain your reasoning.
You are studying the genetics of a newly discovered small animal. You note that most of the population is black in colour but about 1/4 of them are white. You have determined that there is a gene (B) that produces an enzyme that converts a pigment molecule to produce the Black colour. There are 2 alleles of this gene - the dominant B and the recessive b. DNA analysis shows that black individuals have either a BB or Bb genotype and that white individuals have a bb phenotype.
However, after extensive DNA analysis, you have discovered that a small percentage of White individuals have either a BB or Bb genotype.
Describe two reasons (at a molecular level) that could explain this apparent anomaly. There wasn't a mistake in analysis! These individuals did have a BB or Bb genotype but a white phenotype.
In fruit flies, yellow body is a sex linked recessive allele. The dominant
allele is dark bodied. If a female with a yellow body mates with a male
with a dark body, then what percent of the female offspring will be
yellow?
O
O
O
O
a) 0
b) 25
c) 50
d) 75
e) 100
Chapter 10 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 10 - Fill-in-the-Blank The physical position of a gene...Ch. 10 - Define nondisjunction, and describe common...Ch. 10 - In certain cattle, hair color can be red...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2GPCh. 10 - In the edible pea, tall (T) is dominant to short...Ch. 10 - In tomatoes, round fruit (R) is dominant to long...Ch. 10 - In the tomatoes of Problem 4, an F1 offspring...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6GPCh. 10 - In humans, one of the genes determining color...Ch. 10 - In the couple described in Problem 7, the woman...
Ch. 10 - An organism is described as Rr, with red coloring....Ch. 10 - 2. The inheritance of multiple traits depends on...Ch. 10 - Fill-in-the-Blank Many organisms, including...Ch. 10 - 4. Genes that are present on one sex chromosome...Ch. 10 - 5. When the phenotype of heterozygotes is...Ch. 10 - 1. Define the following terms: gene, allele,...Ch. 10 - 2. Explain why genes located on the same...Ch. 10 - 3. Define polygenic inheritance. Why does...Ch. 10 - What is sex linkage? In mammals, which sex would...Ch. 10 - What is the difference between a phenotype and a...Ch. 10 - 6. In the pedigree of part (a) of Figure 11–22, do...Ch. 10 - Sometimes the term gene is used rather casually....Ch. 10 - In an alternate universe, all the genes in all...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3AC
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- You are studying an autosome trait. There are two alleles, one showing complete dominance over the other. In a population, 84% of the individuals show the dominant phenotype. Assuming that this population is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following statement is TRUE? 36% of individuals have the homozygous dominant genotype. 40% of the alleles in the population is recessive. 16% of the alleles in the population is recessive. 60% of individuals have the dominant alleles.arrow_forwardAmong a species of butterflies, the color blue (B) is a dominant trait. Yellow color (b) is a recessive'trait. If a pure blue butterfly (BB) mates with a pure yellow (bb), what will the offspring look like? A) They will all be blue. B) They will all be yellow. Half will be blue and half will be yellow. D) About 75% will be blue and 25% will be yellow.arrow_forwardYou are studying three traits in a goldfish variety; body colour (A or a), tail length (B or b) and shape (C or c). Note: Use the uppercase letters for the alleles associated with the dominant phenotypes and the lowercase letters for the alleles associated with the recessive phenotypes. Assume that each of these traits is regulated by one gene. a) You mate a gold fish (P1) with a white fish (P2) and obtain 100 fish in F1, of which 50 are gold and 50 are white. Write two sets of the possible genotypes of the parental and the resulting F1 fish by filling in the table below. Sets P1 P2 F1 gold fish F1 white fish AA aA aa A BB ac CC AC ab 2.arrow_forward
- You are studying three traits in a goldfish variety; body colour (A or a), tail length (B or b) and shape (C or c). Note: Use the uppercase letters for the alleles associated with the dominant phenotypes and the lowercase letters for the alleles associated with the recessive phenotypes. Assume that each of these traits is regulated by one gene. a) You mate a gold fish (P1) with a white fish (P2) and obtain 100 fish in F1, of which 50 are gold and 50 are white. Write two sets of the possible genotypes of the parental and the resulting F1 fish by filling in the table below.arrow_forwardYou are studying three traits in a goldfish variety; body colour (A or a), tail length (B or b) and shape (C or c). Note: Use the uppercase letters for the alleles associated with the dominant phenotypes and the lowercase letters for the alleles associated with the recessive phenotypes. Assume that each of these traits is regulated by one gene. a) You mate a gold fish (P1) with a white fish (P2) and obtain 100 fish in F1, of which 50 are gold and 50 are white. Write two sets of the possible genotypes of the parental and the resulting F1 fisharrow_forwardThe agouti gene determines coat colour in mice. Heterozygous mice have yellow coats, while homozygous dominant mice have black coats. However, having two copies of the recessive alleles is lethal. In a population of 2 000 mice, 1 082 mice have black coats. a) Calculate the frequency of each allele. Show all your work and express your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places. b) What percentage of the mouse population is expected to be carriers of the lethal allele? Show all your work and express your answer rounded to one decimal place. c) How many mice will die during fetal development? Show all your work and round your answer to the closest whole number.arrow_forward
- Consider this hypothetical example. Bluegills can either have green eyes or brown eyes. The trait is controlled by a single gene. Bluegills can either have long or short fins. This trait is controlled by a single gene that is on a different chromosome from the eye color gene. Having green eyes is dominant (G), while having brown eyes is recessive (g). Having long fins is dominant (L), while having short fins is recessive (I). Your not-so-famous instructor will mate a male and female that both are heterozygous for eye color and heterozygous for fin length. What phenotypic ratio is expected from this mating? O 1:1:1:1 O 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 O 3:1 O 9:3:3:1arrow_forwardHuman hair color ranges from black to many shades of brown to blonde. What can you correctly conclude from this information? A Human hair color is controlled by a single gene. B Human hair color is controlled by environmental factors rather than genes. C Human hair color is controlled by more than one gene. D Black hair is dominant to blonde hair. Answer is C? Can you help me to explain to me step by step?arrow_forwardCertainly, not all Muppets look like the one shown in the picture below, nor do they all look the same. In fact, there’s a great deal of phenotypic variation in Muppets. Two traits that have been particularly well-studied are curly hair presences and skin color. One individual is a male, and he possesses a green skin and no hair, whereas the female individual possess a curly hair and pink skin. Let’s call the gene controlling skin coloration S and that controlling hair H. In this species, both hair and green skin are recessive traits. Both of the individuals shown are homozygous. 1. What is the genotypes of Miss Piggy: 2. Kermit's Genotype: 3. If these two lovebirds (er, love-muppets?) mated, what would their offspring look like? Describe all phenotype combinations possible and the ratios in which they would occur?arrow_forward
- Consider this hypothetical example. Bluegills can either have green eyes or brown eyes. The trait is controlled by a single gene. Bluegills can either have long or short fins. This trait is controlled by a single gene that is on a different chromosome from the eye color gene. Having green eyes is dominant (G), while having brown eyes is recessive (g). Having long fins is dominant (L), while having short fins is recessive (1). Your not-so-famous instructor will mate a male and female that both are heterozygous for eye color and heterozygous for fin length. If these 2 bluegills produced 1000 offspring, about how many would have green eyes and short fins? O 63 O 125 188 O 250 O 563arrow_forwardIn certain plant species such as tomatoes and petunias, a highly polymorphic incompatibility gene S with more than 100 known alleles prevents self-fertilization and promotes outbreeding. In this form of incompatibility, a plant cannot accept sperm carrying an allele identical to either of its own incompatibility alleles. If, for example, pollen carrying sperm with allele sI of the incompatibility gene lands onto the stigma (a female organ) of a plant that also carries the st allele, the sperm cannot fertilize any eggs in that plant. (This phenomenon occurs because the pollen grain on the stigma cannot grow a pollen tube to allow the sperm to unite with the egg.) For the following crosses, indicate whether any progeny would be produced, and if so, list all possible genotypes of these progeny. a. 8 s'5x 9 s's? b. ¿s'sx95353 d. Explain how this mechanism of incompatibility would prevent plant self- fertilization. e. How does this incompatibility system ensure F. How do you know that peas…arrow_forwardYou discover a new allele of a gene important for tail formation in mice. WT mice have long tails, but mice heterozygous for the allele have short tails. When you cross two heterozygous mice together, you obtain a 2:1 ratio of short-tailed mice to long-tailed mice. None of the short-tailed progeny are homozygous. What type of allele results in short tails? A) dominant negative allele B) temperature-sensitive allele C) lethal allele D) partially dominant allele E) incompletely penetrant allelearrow_forward
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