Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780534420123
Author: Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.58QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbitals on the central atom that form bond in NF3 have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the idea that atomic orbitals combine to form new hybridized orbitals which in turn, influences molecular geometry and bonding properties.  Hybridization is also an expansion of the valence bond theory.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 10.58QE

The hybrid orbitals on the central atom that form bond in NF3 is sp3.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of NF3 is,

Chemistry: Principles and Practice, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58QE , additional homework tip  1

The NF3 have four electron domains and three of them are in bonding which means that the geometry of NF3 is trigonal pyramidal.  The trigonal pyramidal geometry around the N means that it has sp3. hybrid orbitals on N atom.

The sp3 hybridization:

The process of mixing and rearrangement of one s and three p orbitals of valence shell of same atom to form new four hybrid orbitals having maximum symmetry and definite orientation is known as sp3 hybridization.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbitals on the central atom that form bond in SCl2 have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 10.58QE

The hybrid orbitals on the central atom that form bond in SCl2 is sp3.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of SCl2 is,

Chemistry: Principles and Practice, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58QE , additional homework tip  2

SCl2 have four electron domains and two of them are in bonding which means that the geometry of SCl2 is bent shape.  The bent shape geometry around the S means that it has sp3 hybrid orbitals on S atom.

The sp3 hybridization:

The process of mixing and rearrangement of one s and three p orbitals of valence shell of same atom to form new four hybrid orbitals having maximum symmetry and definite orientation is known as sp3 hybridization.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbitals on the central atom that form bond in H3O+ have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 10.58QE

The hybrid orbitals on the central atom that form bond in H3O+ is sp3.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of H3O+ is,

Chemistry: Principles and Practice, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58QE , additional homework tip  3

The H3O+ have four electron domains and three of them are in bonding which means that the geometry of H3O+ is trigonal pyramidal.  The trigonal pyramidal geometry around the O means that it has sp3 hybrid orbitals on O atom.

The sp3 hybridization:

The process of mixing and rearrangement of one s and three p orbitals of valence shell of same atom to form new four hybrid orbitals having maximum symmetry and definite orientation is known as sp3 hybridization.

Chemistry: Principles and Practice, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58QE , additional homework tip  4

Figure 1

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbitals on the central atom that form bond in IF5 have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 10.58QE

The hybrid orbitals on the central atom that form bond in IF5 is sp3d2.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of IF5 is,

Chemistry: Principles and Practice, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58QE , additional homework tip  5

The IF5 have six electron domains and five of them are in bonding which means that the geometry of IF5 is square pyramidal.  The Square pyramidal geometry around the iodine means that it has sp3d2. hybrid orbitals on iodine atom.

The sp3d2 hybridization:

The sp3d2 hybridization has 1s, 3p and 2d orbitals they undergo intermixing to form 6 identical sp3d2 hybrid orbitals.  These 6 orbitals are directed towards the corners of an octahedron.

Chemistry: Principles and Practice, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58QE , additional homework tip  6

Figure 2

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybrid orbitals on the central atom that form bond in SCl4 have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(f)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 10.58QE

The hybrid orbitals on the central atom that form bond in SCl4 is sp3d.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of SCl4 is,

Chemistry: Principles and Practice, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58QE , additional homework tip  7

SCl4 have five electron domains and four of them are in bonding which means that the geometry of SCl4 is see-saw.  The see-saw geometry around the sulphur means that it has sp3d hybrid orbitals on chlorine atom.

The sp3d hybridization:

The combination of 1s, 3p and 1d orbital result in the formation of sp3d orbital in which three lobes are oriented towards the corners of a triangle and the other lie perpendicular to them to minimize the repulsions.

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Chapter 10 Solutions

Chemistry: Principles and Practice

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