would likely be in the center of would likely be associated with the polar head groups and In an alpha helical protein that spans a cell membrane,. the membrane while would likely be associated with the aqueous environment His; Ser; Thr Ile; Asn; Glu Tyr; Glu; Glx. Trp: Asn; Ala (Ctrl) -
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- The glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide chainsthat are linked to specific core proteins to form the pro-teoglycan components of the extracellular space arehighly negatively charged. How do you suppose thesenegatively charged polysaccharide chains help to estab-lish a hydrated gel-like environment around the cell? Howwould the properties of these molecules differ if the poly-saccharide chains were uncharged?When a globular cytoplasmic protein folds into its proper tertiary structure, which of the following correctly states the class of amino acids that will be in the interior and the reason why this class will be in the interior? Polar amino acids will be in the interior because they line the binding pocket for a hydrophilic ligand Nonpolar amino acids will be in the interior because they line the binding pocket for a hydrophilic ligand Charged amino acids will be in the interior because they would be bound by ions in the aqueous exterior Nonpolar amino acids would be in the interior because they avoid the exterior aqueous environment. Nonpolar amino acids will be in the interior because the protein would bind the membrane bilayer if they were on the exteriorGlycophorin, a protein in the plasma membraneof the red blood cell, normally exists as a homodimer thatis held together entirely by interactions between its trans-membrane domains. Since transmembrane domains arehydrophobic, how is it that they can associate with oneanother so specifically?
- While investigating structure-function studies in a membrane transport protein, a researcher discovered a single nucleotide mutation that led to the loss of a key alpha-helical segment of the protein in the hydrophilic domain. The mutation that led to this finding is most likely which of the following? Hint: helix breaker O AUC to GUC GAG to CCU GUU to GCU GUG to UUG O CUC to CCCIntegral membrane proteins are anchored in lipid bilayers. Which of the following groups of amino acid residues would likely be found in the portion that crosses the lipid bilayer? Nonpolar Polar Acidic ChargedAlthough proteins rarely if ever flipflop across a membrane, the distribution of membrane lipids between the membrane leaflets is not absolute except for glycolipids. Why are glycosylated lipids less likely to flip-flop?
- Choose the statements that describe how the helix orients in the tertiary structure of an integral membrane protein. The threonine residues act as membrane interface anchors, interacting with the lipid bilayer and the aqueous environment. The amphipathic helix interacts with the lipid bilayer along its hydrophobic surface, exposing its hydrophilic surface to the aqueous environment. A group of helices cluster with their polar surfaces in contact with one another and their hydrophobic surfaces facing the lipid bilayer. The peptide entirely embeds in the lipid bilayer. IncorrectIdentify basic structure of the 8 types of membrane proteins shown below Understand how primary structure (e.g., regional hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity) allows proper membrane interaction/association. Compare/contrast the degree to which proteins are attached to membranes. Which have more lateral movement? Diversity of attachment and lateral movement allows efficient function. Understand where glycosylated lipids and proteins are found and what general functions they serve. Know the role/significance of cysteine disulfide bonds. On which side of the plasma membrane do they generally occur? Why? lipid bilayer A La s *****P & de www CYTOSOL COOH NH₂ cccccce 6Many proteins are attached to the membrane phospholipids via a covalently linked polysaccharide. Which of the following would be an example? Glycophosphatidylehanolamine anchors O All of the other are correct O Glycophosphatidylinositol anchors O Glycophosphatidylcholine anchors
- +H₂N-CH-COO™ 1 CH₂ I CH₂ 1 CH₂ I +H₂N-CH₂ A. amino acid D O amino acid B amino acid C O amino acid A +H₂N-CH-COO™ 1 amino acid E C=O B. Of the four amino acids shown, this amino acid would most likely be located in the transmembrane domain of an integral membrane protein. +H₂N-CH-COO™ 1 CH₂ 1 OH C. +H₂N-CH-COO™ I CH H₂C CH₂ D.1. Integral and peripheral membrane proteins employ multiple strategies to keep them associated to a biological membrane. View these three proteins below, and for each protein shown, answer the following questions: A) What type of membrane protein is this? Integral, peripheral, monotopic, polytopic? How do you know? Justify your label by features of the protein shown in the image. B) Describe the overall tertiary structure of each protein. Be certain to mention hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the surfaces of this protein. C) Provide a detailed description of how each protein is held associated to the biological membrane. Protein 2 Protein 3 Protein 1 "H,N. Exterior CytosolThe K+ channel is an example of a transmembrane protein (a protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane). What types of amino acids are likely to be found (a) lining the channel through which K+ passes, (b) in contact with the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer con- taining fatty acyl groups, (c) in the cytosolic domain of the protein, and (d) in the extracellular domain of the protein?