Technique Initial IMAC IEX Gel Filtration Protein (mg) 3467.8 196.7 153.6 142.1 Enzyme activity (units) 36489 32575 27891 26398 Overall yield (%) 100 Specific activity (units/mg) 29.46 Overall Enrichment 1.00
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- Concentrations in biochemical systems are often very dilute. Consequently, scientific notation and logarithms are often used to express concentrations. In scientific notation, numbers are expressed as coefficient x 10" To convert a number to scientific notation, proceed as follows: 1. Move the decimal place so that there is one digit in front of the decimal. 2. Account for the moved decimal in the value of x. If the decimal moved to the right, x is negative; if it moved to the left, x is positive. A logarithm is basically an exponent. Unless otherwise indicated, a logarithm is the a of 10". The numbers after the decimal point are significant; the number before the decimal just identify the location of the decimal point for the number. Notice that it is easy to estimate a logarithm from scientific notation; it's the exponent! Logarithms are commonly used to express the concentration of H. The pH is defined as pH= log (In), where the base number is 2.303. The same general rules as logs…A biochemist discovers and purifies a new enzyme, generating the purification table below. Procedure Total protein (mg)Activity (units) 1. Crude extract 20,000 4,000,000 2. Precipitation (salt) 5,000 3,000,000 3. Precipitation (pH) 4,000 1,000,000 4. lon-exchange chromatography 200 800,000 5. Affinity chromatography 50 750,000 6. Size-exclusion chromatography 45 675,000 (a) From the information given in the table, caleulate the specific activity of the enzyme after each purification procedure. (b) Which of the purification procedures used for this enzyme is most effective? (c) Which of the purification procedures is least effective? (d) Is there any indication based on the results shown in the table that the enzyme after step 6 is now pure? (e) What else could be done to estimate the purity of the enzyme preparation?A biochemist discovers and purifies a new enzyme, generating the purification table below. Procedure Total protein (mg)Activity (units) 1. Crude extract 20,000 4,000,000 2. Precipitation (salt) 5,000 3,000,000 3. Precipitation (pH) 4,000 1,000,000 4. lon-exchange chromatography 200 800,000 5. Affinity chromatography 50 750,000 6. Size-exclusion chromatography 45 675,000 (a) From the information given in the table, calculate the specific activity of the enzyme after each purification procedure.
- A biochemist discovers and purifies a new enzyme, generating the purification table below. Procedure Total protein (mg) 20,000 5,000 4,000 Activity (units) 4,000,000 3,000,000 1,000,000 800,000 750,000 675,000 1. Crude extract 2. Precipitation (salt) 3. Precipitation (pH) 4. Ion-exchange chromatography 5. Affinity chromatography 6. Size-exclusion chromatography From the information given in the table, calculate the specific activity of the enzyme after each purification procedure. b. Which of the purification procedures used for this enzyme is the most effective (I.e. gives the greatest relative increase in purity)? Which of the purification procedures is least effective? d. Is there any indication based on the results calculated in part A that the enzyme after step 6 is now pure? What else could be done to estimate the purity of the enzyme preparation? 200 50 45 a. C.A biochemist discovers and purifies a new enzyme, generating the purification table below. Procedure Total Protein (Mg) Activity (Units) Crude Extract 20,000 4,000,000 Precipitation (Salt) 5,000 3,000,000 Precipitation (pH) 4,000 1,000,000 Ion Exchange Chromatography 200 800,000 Affinity Chromatography 50 750,000 Size-exclusion Chromatography 45 675,000 a) From the information given in the table, calculate the specific activity of the enzymeafter each purification procedure.b) Which of the purification procedures used for this enzyme is most effective (i.e., givesthe greatest relative…A technician prepares a buffer solution that will be used to facilitate the optimal pH for an enzyme involved in the biotechnological degradation of organic compounds. The buffer compound will facilitate a stable pH. To prepare the buffer they need to determine the required concentration of anita hara [conjugate acid or base]_08 They have been provided with the buffer parameters provided in the images. Provide the answer to three decimal places and include an appropriate unit. Note: You may need to round the numbers to get the required answer. Final volume of solution: 200 ml VEENER Total buffer compound concentration: 150 mM Ratio conjugate base/weak acid: 1.58/1 2000 Concentration weak acid: 0.058 M Final pH of solution: 6.5 Buffer compound pk.: 6.3 14 13 12 11 10 9
- A purified protein sample was used in a reaction, resulting in an activity of 696.7 nmol min-1. The reaction volume was 145.0 µL and the final volume before loading the plate was 1,050 µL. The total reaction time was 4.25 min. The amount of protein used in the reaction was 4.270 µg. Calculate the specific activity of the sample (in nmol min-1 µg-1).Chitinase is a protein that breaks down chitin, a primary component of the cell wall in fungi, scales in fish and exoskeletons of arthropods. The activity of chitinase extracted from a plant was shown to be optimum at pH 5. You were tasked to prepare 300 mL of 150 mM buffer solution for further analysis of the extracted chitinase. REAGENTS Ka 2.5M Acetic acid Solid NaOAc•3H2O [136.08g/mol] 1.76 x 10-5 2.5M NH3 Solid NH4Cl [53.49g/mol] 5.6 x 10-10 2.5M Lactic acid Solid sodium lactate [112.06g/mol] 4.0 x 10-5 5 M HCl 5M NaOH Pls show sol'ns 1. Given the following reagents, give the moles of each component (acid & base).2. What are the mass/volume of the components needed to prepare the buffer? 3. What will the pH of the buffer be if 1mL of 5 M NaOH was added?During successufl purification of every enzyme, the following may be expected: 1. Solubility in NaCl increases 2. The activity increases 3. The specificity increases 4. The number of subunits increases 5. the epitope number increases
- Example of a Protein Purification Scheme: Purification of the Enzyme Xanthine Dehydrogenase from a Fungus Volume Total Total Specific Percent Fraction (mL) Protein (mg) Activity Activity Recovery 1. Crude extract 2. Salt precipitate 3. Ion-exchange chromatography |4. Molecular-sieve chromatography 5. Immunoaffinity chromatography 3,800 22,800 2,460 0.108 100 165 2,800 1,190 0.425 48 65 100 720 7.2 29 40 14.5 23 1.8 275 152.108 11 Calculate the specific activity of step#4. Note that percent recovery=% Yield.Gel-filtration chromatography is a useful method for removing salts, such as ammonium sulfate, from protein solutions. Describe how such a separation is accomplished.Using DEAE-cellulose as ion exchange resin, indicate the starting and ending pH for the narrowest experimental pH range used to separate an amino acid mixture consisting of Gln, Leu and Lys Starting pH: _____ Ending pH: _____