How many net molecules of nucleoside triphosphate (ATP and equivalent molecules) are produced by complete aerobic catabolism of a glucose going through glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)? Do not count the ATP eventually generated by re-oxidation of reduced coenzymes, just the number of NTPs produced in reactions of these pathways. Choose the one best answer. 4 5 сл a 08
Q: A polypeptide with a net positive charge at at pH 6.3 most likely contains amino acids with R groups…
A: Polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids linked by peptide/amide bonds with release of water…
Q: The first reaction in glycolysis that results in the formation of an energy-rich compound (i.e., a…
A: The cytoplasmic metabolic process that turns glucose into pyruvic acid is known as glycolysis. The…
Q: Which of the following is incorrect about chymotrypsin? a. It uses acid-base catalysis Ob. It has…
A: Chymotrypsin is a protease that cleaves the carbonyl side of certain peptide bonds. The protease…
Q: Integral membrane proteins can exist as all of the following, except: a. A single helix A beta…
A: An integral or intrinsic membrane protein abbreviated as IMP is one type of membrane protein that is…
Q: Which of the following is/are true about the primary structure of a protein? It does not include…
A: As per the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA contains the code that is necessary for the…
Q: List the various lipoproteins and make a table that gives a rough lipid:protein:cholesterol ratio…
A: Lipoproteins are the combination of lipids and proteins that function as transport clusters for…
Q: at is nitrogen fixation
A: Answer for the following question is :
Q: The T-state of hemoglobin is favored over the R-state in blood under which of the listed conditions?
A: Introduction: Hemoglobin is the most abundant porphyrin-containing compound in red blood cells…
Q: How to calculate the Km based on this data?
A: hghfjThe tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs or citric acid cycle, is the main…
Q: The active form of vitamin D converted in the human body through sunlight.* Please choose one…
A: Vitamin D is also called as sunshine vitamine as it synthesised in the skin under the presence of…
Q: how many hydrogen bonds can form between amino acid and water molecules
A: Hydrogen bonds are the electrical attraction between a hydrogen atom in a polar water molecule and a…
Q: i need the answer quickly
A: Given, Heparin used as anticoagulant by binding to antithrombin obstruct clot formation. When…
Q: 2. What amino acids might be found in the binding pocket for this substrate? Please give an example…
A: Binding of a substrate to an enzyme catalytic site brings about conformational changes in the enzyme…
Q: Which of the following is incorrect about chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase? a. They catalyze the…
A: Introduction: Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme present in our bodies which is secreted by the…
Q: Glucose molecules produced during photosynthesis contain higher levels of carbon-12 than carbon -13…
A: In nature, two stable isotopes of carbon exist, carbon 12 and carbon 13. Carbon 13 has one extra…
Q: lycerophospholipid, glycerin's three -OH groups are esterified, respectively, with one fatty acid…
A: Sugar and phospholipids are the basic biomolecules which take part in multiple biological structures…
Q: ZI A IZ НО. B OH IZ N H НО, E ZI .N.
A:
Q: Which of the following is incorrect? a. Amino acids may have one or more triplet codes or codons b.…
A: A codon is a sequence of triplet nucleotides (a set of three consecutive nucleotides) on DNA or RNA…
Q: Which of the following is the smallest amino acid?* Please choose one correct answer only. A. G B.…
A: Amino acids are consist of carboxyl, amine, hydrogen and side chain groups. Based on the side chains…
Q: Which of the following is incorrect? a. Ka is the [ligand] when all the receptors have bound ligand…
A: Kd is dissociation constant that help in determining the affinity of receptor ligand binding. Higher…
Q: Protein A interacts with biomolecule B and forms a complex AB, with a dissociation constant KD = 1…
A: The reaction is:AB↔A+B, with dissociation constant being Kd=1μM at 298KA biochemist mutated the…
Q: 3. Below is a polypeptide with an unknown number of amino acids. (Standard 4) One the diagram below:…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three…
Q: 2. | Calculate the overall charge (pH 7) on the following three polypeptides and answer the…
A: Proteins or peptides are composed of twenty standard amino acids that differ from each other on the…
Q: can be broken down by amylase.* A. glycogen B. amylopectin C. catalase D. amylase
A: Glycogen is a homopolysaccharide composed of glucose units that are linked through glycosidic…
Q: Separation of Amino Acids by Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Questions 4. Why is it necessary to run…
A: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a type of partition chromatography. Here, partition occurs…
Q: the following peptide is incubated as chymotrypsin: Gly-Val-Phe-Lys-Ala. Present the detailed…
A: Peptides are small amino acid sequences.The proteolytic enzymes like trypsin, pepsin,…
Q: Explain what biochemical pathway/metabolic processes are affected in insulin resistance? How does…
A: Insulin resistance is a medical condition where the cells fail to respond to the hormone insulin.…
Q: 2. Calculate the overall charge (pH 7) on the following three polypeptides and answer the questions…
A: Proteins or peptides are composed of twenty standard amino acids that differ from each other on the…
Q: Leterofunctional compounds Name the following compound: 0 HOOC-C-CH,COOH
A: Heterofunctional compound : An organic substances that contain two or more different functional…
Q: Protein A interacts with biomolecule B and forms a complex AB, with a dissociation constant KD = 1…
A: Consider the following reaction: P + L ⇌k2k1 PL where P is the protein, L is the ligand and k1 and…
Q: Which of the following accurately describes biotechnology? Using biological processes for…
A: Biotechnology as the word refers it a combined use of biology and technology. It a technological…
Q: In oxidative phosphorylation, how many molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of NADH in the…
A: The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis are two parts of oxidative phosphorylation that are…
Q: In order for the reaction rate to rise the activation energy should be Select one: O a. decreased O…
A: Activation energy is the energy difference between excited state (transition state) and ground…
Q: How is RNA silencing inherited or passed down through generations? What is the nature of RNA…
A: RNA silencing is a gene regulation mechanism that occurs at the transcription level. It can be:…
Q: Consider the peptide with the sequence SANTACLAUSISASTALKER. Assume this entire pepide were a single…
A: Proteins are the heteropolymers of amino acids. The proteins are made up of twenty standard amino…
Q: What carbohydrate is generally detected using the Molisch test?* A. Monosaccharide B. Disaccharide…
A: Carbohydrates or sugars are the most abundant biopolymers in living organisms. Carbohydrates are…
Q: ve me solution Using the half-reaction technique, write the molar stoichiometric equation for…
A: vbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
Q: What is the difference between a complete compensation, a partial compensation and uncompensated…
A: Compensation refers to the restoring body's pH to the normal range of 7.36 to 7.44. The acid-base…
Q: 5. What was the optimal temperature for amylase? Explain how your iodine test results support your…
A: Starch is a branched homopolysaccharide consisting of alpha-D-Glucose. It has two glycosidic bonds…
Q: A. Experimental Results Sample Copper acetate Test No. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 Sample No. Sample Identity 3…
A: 1. Copper acetate test: It is used to differentiate between Oils ( fatty acids+glycerol) and free…
Q: What are the components of Blood?
A: Blood is a fluid tissue that is major component of circulatory system. It supplies the essential…
Q: Which of the following is not a type of lipid? Steroids O Glycerides O Enzymes Unsaturated Fatty…
A: 1. Enzymes are not lipids as they are either proteins or RNA. Almost all the enzymes are protein and…
Q: Expline in detail, what is Mishandling cell storage case?
A: Cell storage is a significant methodology in biological science and treatments to save the elements…
Q: HO A NH₂ NH₂ HO. OH B HO E NH₂ NH₂ OH OH C NH₂ OH
A: The hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of amino acids as determined by their side chain (R) group…
Q: 3. If we alter the kinetics of a unimolecular reaction by increasing Km but leaving Vmax alone, how…
A: Km reflects the enzyme’s dissociation constant so a high Km means the enzyme is likely to dissociate…
Q: The diagrams illustrate that the membrane selects according to the Initial Two hours later glucose…
A: All the cells prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic are enclosed by a cell membrane. Selectively…
Q: The central compound found in the structure of sphingolipids: OA. glycerol OB. sphingosine O c.…
A: A biological membrane having polar lipids as an essential component includes phospholipids…
Q: 7. Why must a pencil be used for drawing the line and spotting? 8. How will the Rf value of a…
A: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that can be used to separate…
Q: In gluconeogenesis, what are the precursors of glucose? Select all that apply. lactate amino…
A: Gluconeogenesis is a process in which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors. This…
Q: 1. a) What is meant by the term "buffer solution"?
A: A buffer solution is an aqueous solution that can be used to maintain physiological pH when a small…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Based on your knowledge of the structure of NAD+ and an assumption that coenzyme dissociation is the rate limiting step of the alcohol dehydrogenase mechanism, hypothesize why a N249W mutation at the coenzyme binding site would increase the rate of catalysis.Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?How many total moles of ATP are created in a cell with an ATP synthase with 8 c subunits for every 28 moles of glucose that is completely oxidized in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? Assume that NADH is transported by the malate aspartate shuttle.
- From the complete oxidation of glucose (glucose → 6CO2), how many total NADH electron carriers are produced and how many total nucleotide triphosphates are yielded (be sure to deduct payback) as part of substrate level phosphorylation?Some anaerobic bacteria use alternative pathways for glucose catabolism that convert glucose to acetate rather than to pyruvate. Shown below is one possible metabolic pathway. The first part of this pathway (glucose to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate) is identical to the glycolytic pathway. In the second part of the alternative pathway, Enzymes 1–6 all have mechanisms/ activities analogous t enzymes in glycolysis. Note that there are two C¬C bond cleavage reactions in this new pathway: A → B + C (Enzyme 1) and C → B + D. All the steps where ATP is consumed or generated have been shown; however, the addition or loss of NAD+/NADH, Pi , H2O, or H+ has not been shown explicitly. Draw the structures for the intermediates B, F, G, H, and I, and include other reaction participants as needed.Taking into consideration glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle, how many substrate level phosphorylation events occur from a single molecule of glucose? 6 substrate level phosphorylation events 4 substrate level phosphorylation events 3 substrate level phosphorylation events 2 substrate level phosphorylation events None of the above answers are correct
- Consider a mutant hepatocyte cell in which the Q-cycle was not used and teh two electrons from ubiquinone both went sequentially directly to cytochrome c. What would be the total ATP yeild for oxidation of a molecule of glucose this mutant? ATPATP is an ALLOSTERIC INHIBITOR of the phosphofructokinase enzyme, which is a key catalyst for one of the first steps of Glycolysis. Citrate (citric acid) is a 6-carbon product of the first reaction of the Krebs Cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle). Interestingly, Citrate enhances the inhibitory effect of ATP on phosphofructokinase. What is a likely explanation for the inhibitory effects of these molecules? Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be speeded up. Excess ATP and Citrate signal a positive feedback loop. Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be slowed. Excess ATP and Citrate compete for the active site of phosphofructokinase.After pyruvate is formed, it must either be converted to another molecule to enter the citric acid cycle and ultimately produce ATP by utilizing the electron-transport chain, or go through alternate pathways to produce NAD Identify the products formed in the pathway of pyruvate and indicate whether NADH+H or NAD are produced under aerobic and anaerobic respiration Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. ▸ View Available Hint(s) Reset Help Alcohol (ethanol) Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Acetyl coenzyme A Normal cell Yeast Lactate NAD+ produced NADH+H* produced Submit End products NAD*/ NADH+H* Previous Answers Request Answer Group 1 Group 2 Exercising Muscle Lactate Group 2 Group 1 Group 2
- The reaction catalyzed by citrate syn- thase, shown on the right, is the first step of the TCA cycle. In glycolysis, two key reactions to produce ATP occur because an unfavorable reaction is coupled to another reaction that is thermodynamically favorable. The reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase, shown on the right, is similarly coupled to an unfavorable reac- tion in the TCA cycle. Write the unfavorable reaction using structural formulas and write the key step that drives the two coupled reactions forward. What is the overall AG'o of the coupled reactions? CH3-C >=0 + S-COA Acetyl-CoA 0-C-COO- CH₂-COO Oxaloacetate H₂O COA-SH J citrate synthase CH₂-C HỌ—C—COO SO CH₂-COO Citrate AG'= -32.2 kJ/molClassify each reaction or process as one that decreases or replenishes the pool of oxaloacetate available for the activity of the citric acid cycle. Assume the reactions proceed in the forward direction. Decreases the oxaloacetate pool Replenishes the oxaloacetate pool Answer Bank reaction catalyzed by PEP carboxykinase reactions of gluconeogenesis reaction catalyzed by malic enzyme reaction catalyzed by PEP carboxylase reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylaseThe Citric Acid Cycle results in (Choose all that apply) net oxidation of acetyl CoA carbons to two CO2 O three NAD to NADH reductions involving 6 electrons one FADH2 to FAD oxidation involving 2 electrons three NADH to NAD oxidations involving 6 electrons O one FAD to FADH, reduction involving 2 electrons O a substrate level phosphorylation