Which of the following is true of the difference between Class I and Class II B-lactamase inhibitors? 1. Class I inhibitors do not have a heteroatom leaving group at position 1 2. Class II inhibitors are useful in combination with extended spectrum penicillins to broaden their spectrum of activities 3. Examples of Class I inhibitors are Thienamycin, Imipenem and Ertapenem 4. Class II inhibitors have potent antibacterial activity in addition to transient inhibition of B-lactamases 01 2 0 3
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- 6. Definition of Clarithromycin it is the 6-methylene ether of erythromycin it is the 6-methylene ester of erythromycin it is the 6-methyl ester of erythromycin it is the 6-methyl ether of erythromycin 7. ALL are true about Azithromycin EXCEPT: it does not inactivate CYP450 enzymes has better pharmacokinetic properties than Clarithromycin has a long half life could be taken with food 8. This is the microbial source of Chloramphenicol Streptomyces venezuelae Saccharopolyspora erythreae Saccharoplyspora venezeualae Streptomyces erythreae 9. Compound where chloramphenicol is derived from dichloroacetic acid nitrobenzene moiety and dichloroacetic acid nitrobenzene moiety lactone ring 10. Chloramphenicol has bactericidal activity against these bacteria EXCEPT: R. ricketsii B.…Whether an antimicrobial is broad spectrum or narrow spectrum depends on its mode of action. For the following 2 hypothetical drugs, predict whether they are broad spectrum or narrow spectrum. Explain your reasoning: 4. a. Drug A interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis - b. Drug B interferes with 70S ribosome function- c. Drug C interferes with synthesis of a vitamin –Mrs. Anderson, a 45-year-old woman with a history of chronic back pain, has been taking X as prescribed by her rheumatologist for the past eight months. During a routine check-up, her liver function tests revealed significantly elevated liver enzymes. She has not experienced any noticeable symptoms but is now being closely monitored for potential liver-related issues. 2. Propose a pharmacoepidemiological study design to confirm or refute the signal of hepatotoxicity associated with X. Consider factors such as study population, exposure definition, and outcome measures. Discuss the strengths and limitations of your chosen study design? Outline the methods and data sources that could be used to collect information on hepatotoxicity in patients using X.? Discuss how the findings of the study could have regulatory implications. If a significant association is identified, explore how regulatory agencies might implement other measures to ensure patient safety.? Develop communication…
- With the aid of diagrams, illustrate the biochemical basis of the following: Allopurinol used in the management of gout Hydroxyurea as an antineoplastic agent 6-mercaptopurine, an anticancer agent Trimethoprim, an antibacterial agentIt is known that 80% of Penicillin is protein bound. Explain how most of it is being cleared from the blood.Why gentamicin and tetracycline are not effective against eukaryotic microorganisms such as fungi?
- Semi-synthetic and extended-spectrum penicillins have proven more effective than natural penicillins for two of the following reasons: 1-Interfere more effectively with the development of the peptidoglycan layer in cell-walls 2-Are less sensitive to penicillinases than natural penicillins 3-Do not contain the b-lactam ring thus making them less susceptible to b-lactamases 4-Are less susceptible to the development of resistance 5-Have a broader spectrum of activitySaxotoxin identify the species which releases the toxin (if it is man-made then this will be all that is required for this part) identify the step disrupted in the neuromuscular junction pathway Provide any consequences of this disruption. Does the toxin have any applications in biomedicine as a painkiller, disease treatment or analgesic? Provide your source in APA format for each. If this is missing no credit will be awarded.Describe the enzymatic reaction of the protein epidermal growth factor. Include the specific reaction catalyzed by the protein. Enzymatic reaction is a physiologically relevant biochemical stimulus for the temporal and spatial control of drug release because: (1) the overexpression of specific enzymes is localized at diseased tissues.
- is Polymyxin a cationic antimcrobial peptide? Does Aureomycin targets lipopolysaccharide?Choose the False statement regarding mechanism of protease? 1. Cysteine proteases perform covalent catalysis, using third group of cysteine as a nucleophile. 2. Serine, threonine, and cysteine proteases all perform covalent catalysis. 3. Metalloproteases and aspartate proteases perform noncovalent catalysis. 4. HIV-1 protease is an aspartate protease and a target of anti-HIV therapies. 5. In metalloproteases, a metal ion cofactor changes the state of oxidation.Considering the general structure of penicillins, how are they rendered ineffective? Select one: a. β-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the amide in the penicillin side chain b. β-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the amide in the β-lactam ring and subsequently hydrolyzes this intermediate c. β-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the thiazolidone ring on the carbon next to the electronegative sulfur leading to a covalently inhibited β-Lactamase d. All of these e. None of these