Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Which of the following antibodies can fix complement? (a) IgA, (b) IgD, (c) IgE, (d) IgG, (e) IgM.
Q: Which of these statements about complement proteins C3a and C5a is false?a. They are released during…
A: Complement is a group of plasma proteins that can get activated directly by pathogens or indirectly…
Q: Why does the immensely powerful immune system of the body, an organ system that has evolved over…
A: Human immune virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which attacks the immune cells of the body. It affects the…
Q: What organ is responsible for producing most of the plasma proteins known as the complement system?…
A: The complement system consists of different plasma protein that enhances the ability of antibodies…
Q: What class of antibodies is normally found in the mucosa of the respiratory tract? a. IG-A b. IG-D…
A: Antibodies are proteins produced and secreted by B cells. They bind to foreign substances, like…
Q: A 35- year old farmer stepped on a rusty nail and does not remember the last time he had a tetanus…
A: Tetanus, often referred to as lockjaw, is caused by a bacteria that's most ordinarily found in soil.…
Q: Using the letters from column B, match the cell description in column A. (Note that all require more…
A: Different immune cells are involved in mediating protection to the host against the pathogen. There…
Q: Contrast the pathways of complement activation.
A: The complement system consists of about thirty serum proteins and also some cell surface…
Q: Would a denatured antigen be expected to have the same epitopes as its native (undenatured)…
A: An epitope is a small part in antigen. This portion of antigen is recognized by antibody. They may…
Q: n your own personal understanding, why are complements important in cellular and humoral mediated…
A: Cell-mediated immunity is where the body produces an immune response through activation of…
Q: Which complement chemotactic component has properties? а. Cla с. C4a d. C5a b. C2a е. Сба
A:
Q: Why is the function of the complement system
A: The complement system is made up of a large number of distinct plasma proteins that react with one…
Q: What is an antigen-presenting cell? By which mechanism do the “present” antigens?
A: Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are essential for the initiation and maintenance of adaptive immune…
Q: Why is the spleen considered a hematologic organ? Why can humans live without it?
A: The lymphoid organs are involved in the development, maturation, activation, differentiation, and…
Q: All of the following are true of some or all complement proteins except _____. a. they are soluble…
A: The complement system is part of the immune system which involves specialized proteins that aid the…
Q: What is a PAMP an example of? Dendritic cell Complement Antibody Antigen
A: Need to find the example of PAMP (Pathogen-associated molecular patterns)
Q: What is meant by complement fixation? What are cytolysins?
A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…
Q: Describe in general terms the activation of the host complement system and its three outcomes
A: Complement system- complement system refers to a series of more than 20 proteins circulating in…
Q: Each is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT interference with viral replication.…
A: The complement system is a course of serine proteases that is encoded by genes starting from similar…
Q: Why is the secondary response to an antigen so much faster than the primary response?
A: The secondary immunologic response is that the reaction of the immune system once it contacts a…
Q: What clinical symptoms can an inherited deficiency in complement components C3 or C4 lead to?
A: Introduction: There are three primary pathways in the complement cascade, each of which is activated…
Q: How is complement activation triggered in the classical complement pathway, and how does complement…
A: The complement system is also known as the complement cascade. It is a part of the immune system. As…
Q: What are TLRS? How does this work to ensure to prevent pathogens to cause diseases? Where are the…
A: The innate immune system is the first line of protection in opposition to pathogens, which is…
Q: Which of the following best describes the type of immunity acquired in the following example?
A: Acquired immunity is present after birth. It is specific immunity. Specificity, diversity, memory…
Q: your own personal understanding, why are complements important in cellular and humoral mediated…
A: The humoral immunity is referred to as immunity from the antibody. B cells can differentiate into…
Q: Although we lumped all lymphocytes together (normal and unusually large ones), what is the correct…
A: Adaptive immunity is the immunity developed after the body encounters the antigen and it removes the…
Q: Which of the following proteins downregulates the classical complement cascade by breaking up the C3…
A: The classical complement (CMP) pathway is considered as the method, which helps in the activation of…
Q: Match each item in column A with the most closely related item in column B.Place letters for answers…
A: Immunology is a subject that deals with all the study of the body’s defense mechanisms. It includes…
Q: Which of the following is part of the second line of defense? a. Interferons b. Phagocytes c.…
A: The immune system shows immune response in three stages the first line of defence includes the…
Q: What is the term for a cluster of connected antigen, antibody and complement molecules, and is in…
A: Answer : ANTIGEN : It is the foreign particles that attacks the body which causes the infection in…
Q: Why does complement only rarely kill host cells?
A: There are three complement system activation pathways: classical, alternative, lectin main steps…
Q: Which compound is most likely responsible for initiating the inflammation response that results from…
A: An autoimmune disease's symptoms vary depending on whatever region of your body is afflicted. The…
Q: Would pneumococcal pneumonia require a TH cell to stimulate a B cell to form antibodies?
A: Introduction Lymphocytes are important cells of an immune system to generate an immune response.…
Q: Describe the initiation and activation of classical complement pathway.
A: Compliments are a group of thermo labile enzymetic proteins found in the serum and body fluid and…
Q: An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor?
A:
Q: Match the following with A. First line of defense, B. second line of defense, C third line of…
A: INTRODUCTION In the human body there are three lines of defence it may fight against the…
Q: What is y-interferon?
A: Interferons are group of naturally occurring substance that interferes with the ability of viruses…
Q: Name four types of lymphocytes involved in cellularimmunity. Which of these is also essential to…
A: There are two arms of acquired immunity, which have different sets of participants and different…
Q: How does the body produce so many highly diverse antibodies to respond to essentially any possible…
A: Antibodies (Ab) or Immunoglobulins (Ig) are large diversities of ‘Y’ shaped glycoprotein molecules.…
Q: The classical complement pathway involves activation of the complement proteins in which of the…
A: Complement system is a cascade that assists the antibodies and phagocytes to clear off…
Q: Which of the following are opsonins? Group of answer choices interleukins histamine oleic acid…
A: Opsonization Itvrefered to the capacity of the antibodies and the complement components to coat the…
Q: Define antigen presentation.
A: A molecule or chemical structure that can attach to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor is…
Q: Which of the following is the end product of the complement system?a. properdin b. cascade reaction…
A: The complement system helps antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens, it consists of a…
Q: State whether each of the following statements is True Or False. If it is False, explain why. (i)…
A: 1) Nucleated cells tends to be more resistant to compliment mediated lysis than red blood cells?…
Q: Contrast the general functions of the different antibody classes.
A: Antibody also known as immunoglobulins are Y shaped molecules that forms the major part of the…
Q: Choose one: 1- what are the antigenic determinant in the variable region of antibodies? Allotypes…
A: We’ll answer the first question since the exact one wasn’t specified. Please submit a new question…
Q: Which of the following complement components are generated during the classical path and bind…
A: The complement includes a group of proteins that are synthesized by the liver.
Q: If you are transfusing blood to a hypothetical patient, is it more important that the transfused…
A: Blood is a liquid substance which flows in the blood vessels and carry nutrients and oxygen to the…
Q: Define the following terms antigens antibodies epitopes haptens immune complexes agglutination
A: Antigens:- Antigens are the pathogenic substances (foreign bodies) for example virus, bacteria etc.,…
Q: Which of the following does not describe the outcome of complement activation? a. chemotaxis b.…
A: The complement system is a cascade that is a part of the immune system. The complement system…
Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Which of the following antibodies can fix complement? (a) IgA, (b) IgD, (c) IgE, (d) IgG, (e) IgM.
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- Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Which antibody class is abundant in body secretions? (a) IgA, (b) IgD, (c) IgE, (d) IgG, (e) IgM.Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Complement fixation promotes all of the following except (a) cell lysis, (b) inflammation, (c) opsonization, (d) interferon release, (e) chemotaxis of neutrophils and other cells.A 10 year old girl is sent to the school nurse one hour after getting a splinter on her right index finger.. Examination of the finger shows the splinter end, extending from the fingertip; the surrounding area is erythematous, Edematous,and tender. Which off the following molecules, has a primary role in mobilizing neutrophils from the vasculature into the area of the splinter? A) complement component 3B B) C-reactive protein C) factor 12( hageman factor) D) fibrinopeptide E) intracellular adhesion molecule one
- A person with type A+ blood gets a transfusion with type O- blood. What is most likely to happen to the recipient? A) The recipient's blood will agglutinate (clump) due to the presence of natural antibodies in the recipient's blood. B) Nothing because the donor's blood is compatible with the recipient's blood. C) The recipient's blood will agglutinate (clump) due to the presence of natural antigens on the recipient's blood cells.Use the following choices for the next set of questions. A choice may be used zero or more times: a)Complement b) B cells c) T cells d) more than one of these 6)Part of the innate immune response 7)Often found concentrated in the lymph nodes 8)Expresses MHC Class I 9)Can be a plasma cell 10) Capable of inducing cytotoxicity of self cells 11) Directly participates in ADCC 12) Forms membrane attack complex 13) Undergoes affinity maturation 14) Produces molecules capable of neutralizing soluble toxins in serum 15) Undergoes somatic hypermutation 16) Produces molecules which serve as opsonins 17) Relies on immunologic signal transduction for proper operation 18) Undergoes clonal expansion 19) Considered part of the endothelium 20) Capable of producing granzymeA 40-year-old man with a complement deficiency agrees to participate in a clinical study of immune mechanisms. The subject is unable to activate the complement system by the classical pathway, but he can activate the complement system by the alternate pathway. Deletion of which of the following components is consistent with these findings? A) C2 B) C3 C) C5 D) C8 E) Factor B F) Factor D OG) Factor H OH) von Willebrand factor
- One of the common characteristics of lymphocytes (1), neutrophils, and macrophages) the resulting immunity is not specialized b) they are the second line of defense c) they are all white cells d) they produce a cellular responseSelect the best answer or answers from the choices given: Small molecules that must combine with large proteins to become immunogenic are called (a) complete antigens, (b) kinins, (c) antigenic determinants, (d) haptens.Name the cells which are : (i) double negative T cells (ii) double positive T cells
- A 42-year-old woman presents with an enlarged supraclavicular lymph node. The patient is HIV positive and takes antiviral medications. A lymph node biopsy is shown in the image. The tumor cells express B cell antigens and are positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? (A) Follicular lymphoma (B) Hodgkin lymphoma (C) Large B-cell lymphoma (D) MALT lymphoma (E) Mantle cell lymphomaThe figure above depicts an antibody. For the labeled areas, which statement among A-D is not correct? A) O Mature, functional IgA antibodies possess a total of two sites labeled A B) O Your IgM antibodies are all similar in these areas: A C) O During opsonization, area B would bind to a bacterium D) O Your IgD antibodies are all different in this area: B 111 E) O None are matched correctly. B.Which of the following is the best definition of antigen? Question 8 options: A) something foreign in the body B) a substance that elicits an immune response C) a chemical that combines with antibodies D) a pathogen