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- .A table comparing the biological characteristics of the five classes of immunoglobulins is shown below. Answer yes or no in the spaces provided, (You can draw the table in your answer paper) IgE IgD Biological activity a) Activates classical complement pathway b) Present on the membrane of the mature B cells c) Present in secretions d) Induces mast-cell degranulation e) Crosses placenta IgG IgA IgMWhich antibody type description among A- D is falsely characterized? A) O IgA: form dimers; prevent adherence of pathogens to mucosal surfaces 1f1 B) O IgG: circulating antibody with multiple functions; formed in high numbers in secondary antibody response C) O IgM: forms multimers whose function is agglutination of infectious microbes D) O IgE, IgD: carry out their function while bound to the surfaces of specific cell types E) O None are false, A-D are all correctWhich is not a direct consequence of an antibody antigen interaction? A) O clump or agglutinate antigens B) O neutralization of toxin C) O prevent adherence of pathogens D) O stimulation of B cells E) O all the above are consequences of an antibody antigen interaction
- Describe the following antigen antibody reactions in serology: Mechanism Function in serology Example of method a) Precipitation b) Agglutination c) Neutralizing d) Complement fixationWarm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, WAIHA, frequently have antibody specificity of: Question 6 options: A) anti-P B) anti-I C) anti-i D) anti-e41) For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that A) the surface antigens of the pathogen do not change. B) a rearrangement of the B cell receptor antibodies takes place. C) all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified. D) the pathogen has only one epitope. E) the MHC molecules are heterozygous. 42) In the human disease known as lupus, there is an immune reaction against a patient's own DNA from broken or dying cells, which categorizes lupus as A) an allergy. B) an immunodeficiency. C) an autoimmune disease. D) an antigenic variation. E) a cancer.
- Select all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. ( select all the correct answers) Group of answer choices a) Attracting natural killer cells to destroy an infected cell. b) Blocking the ability of a pathogen to bind to a host cell c) Lysing a pathogen cell wall or lipid bilayer. d) Marking a pathogen so that innate immune cells destroy the pathogen. e) Helping complement proteins bind to a pathogen.T cells can differentiate into 5 different subsets of helper T cells. Answer the following questions for TH1 cells: A) In general, list three unique factors that differentiate the TH1 subset from the other subsets. B) For each of those factors identified in A, provide one specific example that applies to TH1 cells. C) What type of pathogens are targeted by the TH1 cells?Select all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. a) Group of answer choices b) Attracting natural killer cells to destroy an infected cell. c) Blocking the ability of a pathogen to bind to a host cell d) Lysing a pathogen cell wall or lipid bilayer. e) Marking a pathogen so that innate immune cells destroy the pathogen. f) Helping complement proteins bind to a pathogen.
- Which of the followings is molecular pathology associated with ADA mutations that cause immunodeficiency? a) accumulation of deoxyadenosine and its precursors S-adenosylhomocysteine and deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) with toxic effects on immature lymphocytes, b)accumulation of deoxyguanosine and deoxyguanosine triphosphate, with toxic effects on immature lymphocytesWhy does antibody titer rise after infection? Is ahigh antibody titer indicative of an ongoing infection?Explain88. A 19-year-old woman undergoes a PPD skin test prior to entering college. A 15-mm, firm area of induration is noted at the site 48 hours later. Which of the following is the most likely immunologic basis for this finding? A) Activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes B) Binding of IgG to the endothelium C) Complement activation by IgM D) Formation of immune complexes E) Release of histamine by mast cells