An antibody binds to a virus with a large surface area of interaction. Sketch the Gibbs-Helmholtz curve for the interaction "in the binding direction". Label what is plotted on each axis, but don't worry about absolute numbers on cach axis.
Q: Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a…
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- The scale bar in panels (a) and (d) in this image is 50 um (micrometei. Question: Which of the answers below is equivalent to 50 um. Figure description: An immunofluorescence image of uninfected cells (top panel a-c) and virus infected cells (bottom panel d-f). a,d) show Hoechst staining (blue) of the nuclei and a merged image of the respective panels: E staining for the virus (red); and c,f) show staining for calreticulin (green). The scale bar (white line) represents 50 um. Hoechst/Merge Virus Calreticulin a C d e O50m 50 x 10 m 50 x 10m 50 x 10 m + Virus Uninfected cellsYou want to infect a plate of 2x10^6 HeLa cells with poliovirus at an MOI of 10. Your viral stock is at concentration of 8x10^7 particles/ml. What volume of your viral stock do you need to apply to your cells? Show your workinga) How virus vaccine, under immune system processes (via dendritic cells, T-Cells and B-Cells), can help people against real virus infection. b) Structure of SARS-CoV-2 and their entry process on host cells. Then, if you choose onetype of virus protein (spikes, nucleocapsid, membrane or envelope) should be used for vaccine,which is the best candidate? Why?
- One of the key biological characteristics of SARS-COV-2, as well as several other viruses, is the presence of spike proteins that allow these viruses to penetrate host cells and cause infection. With your knowledge about proteins, which best explain how denaturating agents such as alcohol, and detergents become effective in battling against SARS-CoV 2? O Denaturating agents were able to destroy the spike protein by detaching it to the virus, losing its ability to infect host. Denaturating agents were able to kill the viruses such as SARS-COV-2, therefore, they will no longer able to infect the host Denaturating agents were able to hydrolyze the spike protein to produce free amino acids, therefore, the function of the protein is now lost. Denaturating agents were able to disrupt the native structure of the spike protein, losing its ability to infect host.Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a carbohydrate-modified protein that ["bind the RNA genome of the virus", "", "is on the surface of the viral particle", ""] and plays a role in both ["replication of the viral genome", "recognition of host cell"] and ["packaging of viral genome for export", "fusion of viral envelope with host cell plasma membrane"] . Importantly, earlier work on spike proteins from other corona viruses showed that this molecule ["remarkable resistance to immune response", "shows remarkable conformational changes"] and only one of these served as a good antigen for vaccine development. A critical discovery in advancing the development of our current vaccines was determining what changes in the amino acid sequence would ["block degradation of the spike protein", "stabilize the conformation of the protein found on the viral particle"]. This…From: "Towards a universal flu vaccine" Each year, the flu vaccine includes antigens from two strains of Influenza A and two strains of Influenza B. These antigens are from the head of the H spikes an area that sticks out from the virus and so, is very easy for human immune cells to detect. However, the problem with using the head of the H spike as an antigen is... O The H spike head mutates very rapidly, so quickly changes to forms not recognized by human immune cells. O The H spike head is exposed on the surface of the virus for only a short period of time. Viruses quickly pull the H spikes back inside the virus, shiclding them from human immune cells. O The H spike head is often too big for the human immune cells to attack. O The H spike head is often too small for the human immune cells to bind to.
- The vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b is called a conjugate vaccine. It is composed of the tetanus toxoid protein conjugated to the capsular polysaccharide of the H. influenzae type b bacteria. When used to vaccinate infants, the antibody response generated by this vaccine would include 0 0 0 0 antibodies that bind only to the protein-polysaccharide conjugate in the vaccine. antibodies to the tetanus toxoid only. antibodies to the bacterial polysaccharide and the tetanus toxoid. antibodies to the bacterial polysaccharide only.The loopy polypeptide segments at the very top of the structure shown are the segments that actually contact the antigen. Would you expect these binding segments to be rigid or flexible?Discuss, with examples, the advantages and limitations of testing for viral protein/nucleic acid and testing for antibody to the virus as diagnostic tests for a virus infection.
- 1) 286 individuals were newly diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in 2018 in Minnesota. Of these individuals, 76% were male. HIV is an enveloped, ssRNA virus_ Baltimore classification VI. This virus targets CD4+ cells. CD4 refers to a glycoprotein which serves as a co-receptor for T-cells, located on T-helper and T-reg immune cells. a) What part of the HIV virus allows for specificity to CD4+ cells?"You wish to produce a subunit vaccine for a nonenveloped positive‐sense RNA virus that will stimulate the production of neutralizing antibodies in the person receiving it. Indicate which of the following viral proteins would be a logical candidate for such a subunit vaccine, and state a brief justification. a. Viral capsomer proteinb. Viral protein that is bound to the RNA genome inside of the virionc. Viral RNA polymerase"What part of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a potential target site for a vaccine? Explain your reasoning; include in your discussion the following terms: antigen, epitope, and antibody.