15. In the ETC shown below, explain, IN YOUR OWN WORDS, what is occurring at the different stages labeled. a. b. C. d. e. Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH A NAD+ H+ H+ Mitochondrial matrix B H+ FADH, FAD 2 free hydrogen ions H+ H+ H H 2 electrons exiting ETC H+ Cytc H+ 1/2 of an O₂ molecule H+ H+ H+ H₂O x2 H+ H+ ADP PO H H+ H+ D E ATP OOO

15. In the ETC shown below, explain, IN YOUR OWN WORDS, what is occurring at the different stages labeled. a. b. C. d. e. Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH A NAD+ H+ H+ Mitochondrial matrix B H+ FADH, FAD 2 free hydrogen ions H+ H+ H H 2 electrons exiting ETC H+ Cytc H+ 1/2 of an O₂ molecule H+ H+ H+ H₂O x2 H+ H+ ADP PO H H+ H+ D E ATP OOO

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2TAHL

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1A. Name and draw diagrammatically the series of mitochondrial electron transfer catalysts, starting with the oxidation of NADH and succinate and ending with the reduction of O₂. B. Indicate the sites and stoichiometry (per 2e) at which protons are translocated from the matrix to the intermembrane space. C. Indicate which complexes are inhibited by: amytal, antimycin A, azide (N3), cyanide (CN), carbon monoxide (CO), and rotenone.
1a. Name and draw diagrammatically the series of mitochondrial electron transfer catalysts, starting with the oxidation of NADH and succinate and ending with the reduction of O2. Indicate the sites and stoichiometry (per 2e) at which protons are translocated from the matrix to the intermembrane space. c. Indicate which complexes are inhibited by: amytal, antimycin A, azide (N3), cyanide (CN), carbon monoxide (CO), and rotenone. d. Describe the effects of (1) oligomycin and (2) uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, e.g., dinitrophenol (DNP), carbonyl cyanide-p- trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), on respiration and ATP synthesis when added to a suspension of mitochondria with excess malate, ADP, and inorganic phosphate (Pi). b. I
1. Name and draw diagrammatically the series of mitochondrial electron transfer catalysts, starting with the oxidation of NADH and succinate and ending with the reduction of O2. 2. Indicate the sites and stoichiometry (per 2e) at which protons are translocated from the matrix to the intermembrane space. 3. Indicate which complexes are inhibited by: amytal, antimycin A, azide (N3 ), cyanide (CN), carbon monoxide (CO), and rotenone. 4. Describe the effects of (1) oligomycin and (2) uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, e.g., dinitrophenol (DNP), carbonyl cyanide-p- trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), on respiration and ATP synthesis when added to a suspension of mitochondria with excess malate, ADP, and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
2. Mitochondria isolated from bovine cardiac muscle, when subjected to sonication, form closed mem- brane vesicles containing the electron transport catalysts and the ATP synthase enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A diagrammatic representation of these electron transport particles retaining the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation is given below. NADH NAD+ H₂O tion? 1/202 Q₁H₂ NADH- NAD+ Complex I Complex III ADP Complex IV Complex II ATP ADP ATP In the diagram protein complexes colored gray indicate that they are inhibited while complexes colored red, green, etc. are catalytically active. (a) In Panel A indicate which side of the membrane vesicle faced the matrix and which side faced the intermembrane space prior to sonication. During coupled substrate oxidation which compart- ment will be of higher pH and which of lower pH. (b) For the system in Panel A, sonication of mitochondria was carried out in the presence of an excess of ferricytochrome c (i.e., the heme…
2. Mitochondria isolated from bovine cardiac muscle, when subjected to sonication, form closed mem- brane vesicles containing the electron transport catalysts and the ATP synthase enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A diagrammatic representation of these electron transport particles retaining the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation is given below. NADH NAD+ ( ATP tion? H₂O ADP 1/202 NADH Q₁H₂ NAD+ Q₁ Complex I Complex III ADP Complex IV ATP In the diagram protein complexes colored gray indicate that they are inhibited while complexes colored red, green, etc. are catalytically active. Complex II (a)( In Panel A indicate which side of the membrane vesicle faced the matrix and which side faced the intermembrane space prior to sonication. During coupled substrate oxidation which compart- ment will be of higher pH and which of lower pH. (b) For the system in Panel A, sonication of mitochondria was carried out in the presence of an excess of ferricytochrome c (i.e., the…
In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics resultsindicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioneddiseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of theelectron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance
Make a concept map using all of the following terms: GlycolysisOxidation of PyruvateCitric Acid CycleElectron Transport ChainChemiosmosisGlucoseOxidative Phos.Substrate level phosphatePyruvateacetyl-CoACO2OxygenWaterreduced elec. carriers (NADH)oxidized elec. carriers (NAD+)High enerGy Elec.Low enerGy Elec.H+ GradientADP + PiATP
Explain how Ca2+, NOS/RNS and mitochondrial membrane transfer problems are inter-related and how/why this kills cells.
Label the diagram and explain the salient feature that is happening in each item. For the complexes and the mobile carriers, kindly give their alternative names Electron Transport Chain Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial membrane Intermembrane space Mitochondrial matrix 1 2 FADH₂ NADH NAD + H Mitochondrial matrix 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 6 FAD H₂O 2H* + 1/20₂ Inner mitochondrial membrane Name of the Transporter 500 2e- 13040 ALLD LC ATP ADP Essential Features
If K* and valinomycin are added to respiring cells, fully coupled ATP-synthesizing mitochondria, explain what will happen to the pH gradient and the AY. Compare the action of valinomycin with gramicidin in ATP production and electron transport.
2. The diagram on the right taken from the textbook il- lustrates the structure of a mitochondrion in a mamma- mitochondrial H* H+ lian cell containing the enzymes responsible for catalyz- membrane. ing the oxidation of metabolites coupled to the reduction of O2 and the synthesis of ATP. Only the inner mito- chondrial membrane is shown to simply the dia- gram and discussion. Sonication produces submito- chondrial particles in which the outer membrane has been stripped away and the inner membrane forms a closed vesicle known as an "inside-out particle". That is, the intermembrane space becomes the lumen of the particle, and the membrane bound components that faced the matrix in the intact mitochondrion are now ex- Electron carriers (respiratory chain) Inner H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ + H+ H+ 02 (e- acceptor) 3 Energy of e- flow stored as electrochemical potential. Reduced e- donor H+ ATP ADP + P, H+ synthase H+ H+ АТР H+ + H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ posed to the solvent in which the particles are…
What is the major route for protons moving from the inter membrane space back into the mitochondrial matrix during oxidative phosphorylation? 1. Protons carried across the membrane by a molecule of dinitrophenol 2. Protons are transported along with ADP by the ATP/ADP translocase.3. Protons enter the half channel in subunit a facing the inter membrane space and exit via the half channel facing the mitochondrial matrix. Choose 1 correct answer explain? Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion