MARINE BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259880032
Author: CASTRO
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 1, Problem 3CT
Imagine you are a marine biologist and you notice that a certain type of crab tends to be larger in a local bay than in the waters outside the bay. What hypotheses might account for this difference? How would you go about testing these hypotheses?
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Question 1. What is the most recent estimated time of divergence between invertebrates and vertebrates, based on the ATPase 6 gene? What is the most distant?
Question 2. Based on the most recent plausible age, which gene gives the most recent time for the divergence between invertebrates and vertebrates? According to that estimate, how long ago was this?
Question 3. Based on the most distant plausible age, which gene gives the most distant time for the divergence between invertebrates and vertebrates? According to that estimate, how long ago was this?
Which of the following pairs of organisms are most closely related?
a
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South America
North America
Pacific Panama
Caribbean Panama
The cladogram above illustrates the relationships between four hypothetical species
of oysters found along the coasts of western North America, western South America,
and western (Pacific) and eastern (Caribbean) Panama. Use this tree to answer the
following question.
The two species from Panama are separated from one another by the Isthmus of
Panama, the narrow land bridge connecting North and South America, which formed
approximately 2.5 million years ago.
If sea levels rise and the Isthmus of Panama is submerged, allowing the Pacific and
Caribbean species to expand their ranges until they overlap, will there be gene flow
between the Pacific and Caribbean species currently living on either side of the
isthmus?
O No, because these species have been separated long enough that they are now different species, incapable
of reproducing and having viable offspring.
O Yes, because oysters don't have any reproductive behaviors or…
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- In David Attenborough's Tree of Life video, he suggests the first life forms on Earth were worms. Group of answer choices A: True B: Falsearrow_forwardAs you analyze it, fill out the missing information in the table. The first row in the table served as an example for you to follow. Note the location of the sea urchin in the model as the reference point for the observation. This will help you identify the cause or effect and logical explanation in the succeeding columns.arrow_forwardWhen describing this experiment to your friends, they point out that rotifers are multicellular predators and thus cannot have been responsible for the earliest transition from single cell to multicellularity. Based on what you have learned in this lab and in the paper by Herron et al. 2019, what would be an informed response to this comment include? Select all that apply. Question 3 options: It is irrelevant that rotifers are multicellular in our study as some of the predators of small unicellular organisms are themselves unicellular, and predation, whether by a unicellular or multicellular organism, was all that was needed. Multicellularity evolved many times. While multicellular predators cannot have been responsible for the earliest transition from unicellular to multicellularity, they may have played a role in some of the later transitions which occurred after the evolution of animals. Using a multicellular predator is…arrow_forward
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- You want to distinguish between two hypotheses to explain the patterns you see: 1) Males not feeding the young is an adaptation to dimorphism 2) If males don't feed the young in a species, it will allow them to become brightly colored To begin to address this question, map the characters changes in dimorphism and males feeding the young onto each of the trees on the previous page. CHARACTER SEXUAL DIMORPHISM MALES FEED YOUNG Cassin's Vireo No No Red Fox Sparrow Cape May Warbler Cedar Waxwing Golden-Crowned Kinglet Pyrrhuloxia Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No California Gull No Yes Note: This data is fictional 5) Which of the hypotheses in part 4 is consistent with your analysis? Explain why in a brief paragraph.arrow_forwardWhich hypothesis is plausible for the extinction of the dodo bird? Select all answers that apply. A. The food and other resources they required became scarce due to climate change. B. An asteroid crashed into the region where the birds lived and only affected their survival and not the other animals that lived there. C. Cannibalism within the species caused the population to decline. D. Each bird dove into the water even though it could not swim, which led to mass drownings. U E. Predators, including humans, hunted and killed the population to a point that it could not recover. red MacBook Air 80 F3 F1 DO0 F4 F2 F5 F7 % & %24 23arrow_forwardHow do scientists derive testable hypotheses? Explain with an example?arrow_forward
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