The deadenylation pathway is a critical means of maintaining a steady state level of mRNAs and proteins in the cells. How does deadenylation affect protein synthesis if it works on mRNAs? Options: loss of the poly A tail results in rapid 3'-5' degradation of transcript leading to reduced protein synthesis deadenylation can result in an increased exposure of the cap to enzymes involved in decapping, leading to subsequent 5' mediated degradation it reduces the ability of mRNAs to form 5' 3' circular mRNA structures that protects both termini a and b only a, b and c

The deadenylation pathway is a critical means of maintaining a steady state level of mRNAs and proteins in the cells. How does deadenylation affect protein synthesis if it works on mRNAs? Options: loss of the poly A tail results in rapid 3'-5' degradation of transcript leading to reduced protein synthesis deadenylation can result in an increased exposure of the cap to enzymes involved in decapping, leading to subsequent 5' mediated degradation it reduces the ability of mRNAs to form 5' 3' circular mRNA structures that protects both termini a and b only a, b and c

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Description: The deadenylation pathway is a critical means of maintaining a steady state level of mRNAs and proteins in the cells. How does deadenylation affect protein synthesis if it works on mRNAs?Options: loss of the poly A tail results in rapid 3'-5' degrada

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter9: Gene Expression And Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18QP: The following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this...

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The following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this protein have been recovered. Using the normal and mutant sequences, determine the DNA and mRNA sequences that code for this portion of the protein, and explain each of the mutations. a. met-trp- b. met-cys-ile-val-val-leu-gln- c. met-trp-tyr-arg-ser-pro-thr- d. met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-ala-val-ile-ser-pro-thr-
Which of the followings indicate the order of procaryotic mRNA degreadation? cleavage of the triphosphate 5′ terminus to yield a monophosphate- 3′ to 5′exonuclease digestion- The endonucleolytic cleavages occur in a 5′ to 3′ direction on the mRNA following the passage of the last ribosme cleavage of the triphosphate 5′ terminus to yield a monophosphate- The endonucleolytic cleavages occur in a 5′ to 3′ direction on the mRNA following the passage of the last ribosme- 3′ to 5′exonuclease digestion The endonucleolytic cleavages occur in a 5′ to 3′ direction on the mRNA following the passage of the last ribosme- cleavage of the triphosphate 5′ terminus to yield a monophosphate- 3′ to 5′exonuclease digestion
RNA silencing can be accomplished by specific mRNA degradation or by preventing its translation of the encoded protein. What specific determines which of these two pathways will be followed? It depends on whether the RITS or the RISC complex associates with double-stranded RNA. It depends on whether the single-stranded RNA, associated with RISC, base-pairs perfectly or imperfectly with the target mRNA. It depends on whether Drosha is involved in the process. It depends on whether Dicer is associated with single- or double-stranded RNA. It depends on whether RISC initially binds to single- or double-stranded RNA.
Imagine you are going to label a gene associated with apoptosis in Symbiodiniaceae with a Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP). To generate the YFP, you know the pre-MRNA looks as follows: Unspliced YFP premature mRNA Сap 5' UTR Exon 1 Intron Exon 2 Intron Exon 3 3' UTR Poly-A tail If Exon 2 is also required for mRNA stability, what can be predicted from the possible spliced alternative isoforms formed? One of the isoforms will not have a poly-A tail O The alternative splicing of YFP pre-MRNA prevents 5'-capping The MRNA isoform without Exon 2 will be degraded faster than the other isoform Exon 2 will be added to isoform B later to correct the mistake in splicing The protein translated from one of the mRNA isoforms will possess an additional functional domain
In addition to splicing, additional modifications at the ends are required to generate a mature MRNA. What are these modifications and what are their significance? Use the following terms to fill in the blanks: MRNA cap poly(A) tail nucleus cytoplasm ribosome transcription complex synthesis degradation modifications The 5' end receives a while the 3' end gets a These modifications allow the MRNA to be exported to the A · protect it from and helps the MRNA to be recognized by the
RNA silencing can be accomplished by specific MRNA degradation or by preventing its translation of the encoded protein. What specifically determines which of these two pathways will be followed? OIt depends on whether Drosha is involved in the process. It depends on whether Dicer is associated with single- or double-stranded RNA. It depends on whether the single-stranded RNA, associated with RISC, base-pairs perfectly or imperfectly with the target mRNA. It depends on whether the RITS or the RISC complex associates with double-stranded RNA. It depends on whether RISC initially binds to single- or double-stranded RNA. OOO
RNA silencing can be accomplished by specific MRNA degradation or by preventing its translation of the encoded protein. What specifically determines which of these two pathways will be followed? OIt depends on whether Drosha is involved in the process. OIt depends on whether Dicer is associated with single- or double-stranded RNA It depends on whether the single-stranded RNA, associated with RISC, base-pairs perfectly or imperfectly with the target MRNA. It depends on whether the RITS or the RISC complex associates with double-stranded RNA. It depends on whether RISC Initially binds to single- or double-stranded RNA.
Introns are often very large and the cell has devoted mechanisms of eliminating them once they are excised from the pre-mRNA. Following intron excision, what specific ribonucleolytic enzymes or complexes contribute to eliminating the intron RNA immediately after it is excised from the pre-mRNA? Briefly describe the role of each step/enzyme and how it affects its RNA substrate
What is the mechanism for addition of a guanosine to create the 5' methyl cap of a mRNA? O The 5'-OH end of the nascent mRNA performs a nucleophilic attack on the gamma phosphate of GTP O The gamma phosphate is removed from the 3' end of the nascent MRNA and then the beta-phosphate attacks the phosphorus atom of the alpha- phosphate of GTP O The gamma phosphate is removed from the 5' end of the nascent mRNA and then the -OH group from the beta-phosphate attacks the phosphorus atom of the alpha- phosphate of GTP O The 5'-OH end of the beta phosphate present on nascent mRNA performs a nucleophilic attack on the alpha-phosphate of GTP
The primary RNA transcript of the chicken ovalbumin gene is 7700 nucleotides long, but the mature mRNA that is translated on the ribosome is 1872 nucleotides long. This size difference occurs primarily as a result of: capping cleavage of polycistronic mRNA removal of poly A tails reverse transcription splicing
pre mRNA can be spliced in more than one way, permitting a single gene to produce multiple mRNAs encoding different polypeptides (true or false)
In eukaryotes, the initial transcript, pre-mRNA, must be modified in three ways before it leaves the nucleus. The pre-MRNA is spliced, given a polyA tail and a cap. Examine the pre- MRNA shown below, then choose the one mature MRNA it would become aftër post-transcriptional modification. Pre-MRNA 5' EXON R INTRON A EXON S INTRON B EXON T 31 polyA tail S сар 3' • 5' сар T polyA tail 3" сар polyA tail 3' polyA tail RAS в т сар 3" RAS BT polyA tail 3' сар

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	loss of the poly A tail results in rapid 3'-5' degradation of transcript leading to reduced protein synthesis
	deadenylation can result in an increased exposure of the cap to enzymes involved in decapping, leading to subsequent 5' mediated degradation
	it reduces the ability of mRNAs to form 5' 3' circular mRNA structures that protects both termini
	a and b only
	a, b and c