Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 9.3, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The transport of protons to the intermembrane space from the mitochondrial matrix during the ETC (electron transport chain).
Introduction:
The ETC is a part of the oxidative phosphorylation where the oxidation of the electron carriers takes place, which comes from the glycolysis and citric acid cycle (CAC). This reaction occurs in the presence of oxygen, which serve as the electron acceptor and further oxidizes the electron carriers.
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Define chemiosmosis and explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Explain the organization of electron carriers in mitochondrial membrane.
What are two advantages of the components of the electron transport chain being embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- The maintenance of a proton motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane is crucial for continued ATP production. Surprisingly, it has been discovered that the inner membranes of certain cells contain proteins, called uncoupling proteins, that are capable of transporting protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. Why would mitochondria contain transporters that essentially waste energy potential in the proton gradient?arrow_forwardHow does the presence of cristae in the mitochondrial membrane increase the productivity of aerobic respiration in eukaryocytes?arrow_forwardMatch each item with the correct statement below concerning the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. You can choose a selection more than once. Question 61 options: Where do protons re-enter the mitochondrial matrix? What molecule is transported by facilitated diffusion? What are the electron donor molecules at the beginning of the chain? In what order are the components of the chain arranged? Where do electrons, protons, and oxygen meet to become water? What is the first protein complex of the chain? What moves into the intermembrane space? What accepts the electrons at the end of the chain? 1. increasing electronegativity 2. decreasing electronegativity 3. ATP 4. oxygen 5. protons 6. NADH/FADH2 7. NADH dehydrogenasearrow_forward
- Describe the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial ATP synthesis.arrow_forwardThere are some drugs that can inhibit the activity of ATP synthase. How does this affect the pH of the inner membrane space and the mitochondrial matrix?arrow_forward5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?arrow_forward
- What would be the effect on ATP production of decreasing the pH inside the mitochondrial matrix? Explainarrow_forwardDraw a simple sketch illustrating an inner mitochondrial membrane that is actively involved in chemiosmosis and label the two compartments it separates. Add the ATP synthase complex, indicate the proton gradient, and specify in which compartment ATP is synthesized.arrow_forwardHow does mitochondrial structure contribute to aerobic metabolism, particularly to the integration of the citric acid cycle and electron transport?arrow_forward
- Predict the outcome of a mitochondrial membrane that is more permeable to hydrogen ions than normal. answer choices A.) Increased levels of inorganic phosphate in the mitochondrial matrix B.) Reduced formation of water C.) Reduced activity of electron transport chain D.) Increased activity of ATP synthasearrow_forwardWhat is the minimum voltage drop for individual electrontransfer events in the mitochondrial electron transport systems that is necessary for ATP synthesis?arrow_forwardWhich complexes of the electron transport system are able to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP to Pi?arrow_forward
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The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license