Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 4TYU
In ________, electrons that have been energized by light contribute their energy to add phosphate to ADP, producing ATP. (a) crassulacean acid
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In _______________, electrons that have been energized by light contribute their energy to add phosphate to ADP, producing ATP. (a) crassulacean acid metabolism (b) the Calvin cycle (c) photorespiration (d) C4 pathways (e) photophosphorylation
Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?(A) carbon fixation(B) oxidation of NADPH(C) release of oxygen(D) regeneration of the CO2 acceptor
Cooperation of the two photosystems is required for
(a) ATP synthesis (b) reduction of NADP+
(c) cyclic photophosphorylation (d) generation of a proton-motive force
(e) all of the above
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - Describe the physical properties of light and...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 9.2 - Diagram the internal structure of a chloroplast...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.2 - What is the significance that the combined...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 9.3 - Describe photosynthesis as a redox process.Ch. 9.3 - Distinguish between the light-dependent reactions...
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.3 - In what ways do the carbon fixation reactions...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the flow of electrons through...Ch. 9.4 - Explain how a proton (H+) gradient is established...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 9.4 - PREDICT Can cyclic electron transport alone...Ch. 9.5 - Summarize the three phases of the Calvin cycle and...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 9LOCh. 9.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 9.5 - Describe what happens in each of the three phases...Ch. 9.5 - A decrease in entropy occurs during the CO2 uptake...Ch. 9.5 - In what ways does photorespiration differ from...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 4CCh. 9.6 - Prob. 11LOCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.7 - State the importance of photosynthesis both in a...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.7 - Prob. 2CCh. 9 - Where is chlorophyll located in the chloroplast?...Ch. 9 - In photolysis some of the energy captured by...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 9 - In ________, electrons that have been energized by...Ch. 9 - The Calvin cycle begins when CO2 reacts with (a)...Ch. 9 - The enzyme directly responsible for almost all...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 9 - An organism characterized as a photoautotroph...Ch. 9 - VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 9 - CONNECT High-energy electrons from glucose are...Ch. 9 - PREDICT What would life be like for...Ch. 9 - EVOLUTION LINK Propose an explanation for...Ch. 9 - INTERPRET DATA The figure depicts the absorption...Ch. 9 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOAETY What strategies...
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- Typically the CO2 necessary for photosynthesis enters through the stomata of the plant leaves suppose petroleum jelly was used to coat the leaves out of this tomato blocked or closed a) what effect will this have on the light reactions in these leaf cells b) what effect will this have on the Calvin cycle in these leaf cellsarrow_forwardHow is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?(A) In both cases, only photosystem I is used.(B) Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle.(C) In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially.(D) Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark.arrow_forwardSince carotenoids are part of the _________, their electrons are not passed on when they get excited. A) electron carriers of the photosystem B) electron transport chain C) antenna complex of the photosystem D) reaction center of the photosystemarrow_forward
- In the diagram of photosynthesis shown here, fill in each blank with the appropriate term: (a) Sunlight; (b) CO2; (c) Oxygen; (d) H2O; (e) ATP and NADPH; (f) ADP and NADP+; (g) Sugar; (h) Light reactions; (i) Calvin cycle.arrow_forwardIn oxygenic photophosphorylation (a) photosystem II uses the photopigment bacteriochlorophyll (b) Oxygen is used as an electron donor (c) ATP is produced by means of substrate level phosphorylation (d) photosystem I reduces NADP (e) none of the abovearrow_forwardPlants have evolved by developing mechanisms that promote entry of CO, into the Calvin Cycle (CC) to limit photorespiration when environmental conditions tend to favor the latter. This is because photorespiration 1) is energetically inefficient (consuming more ATP than the CC alone) and 2) it does not produce any sugars that can be "fed" into cellular respiration to produce lots more ATP. A) Under what environmental conditions does photorespiration "outcompete" that of the CC? Specifically, what mechanism is responsible for committing the cell to photorespiration and what type of plant does not have any "safeguards" to ensure that the CC is performed rather than photorespiration? B) Describe the mechanisms employed by two types of plants to minimize photorespiration and ensure that the CC is carried out even when environmental conditions are not in their favor. Be sure to identify 1) the type of plant, 2) its natural environment and how it affects the plant's ability to perform the CC,…arrow_forward
- Which one of the following is related to ozone formation? (A) Photosynthesis process (B) Photochemical process (C) Chemosynthesis process (D) Hydrolysis processarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct? 1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize. 2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair. 3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+. 4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correctarrow_forwardThe original electron donor during the process of photosynthesis is _____________. (i.e. where do the electrons originally come from?) H2O Pyruvate O2 NADP+arrow_forward
- d) In the presence of sunlight, an electrochemical gradient is generated between two of the spaces within the chloroplast. 1.Describe what happens when a photon of light energy hits a molecule of chlorophyl. 2. What is meant by the term electrochemical gradient? 3.What role does the photosynthetic electron transport chain play in the generation of the electrochemical gradient? 4. Two chemical reactions also contribute to the generation of the electrochemical gradient. What are the reactions, where do they occur, and why do these factors affect the gradient? 5. The electrochemical gradient can be utilised by ATP synthase to generate ATP - explain how the location and structure of ATP synthase enable it to perform this function. e) The light reactions of photosynthesis generate ATP and NADPH for use in the dark reactions (i.e., the Calvin cycle). Why are they needed?arrow_forwardThe Calvin cycle, the "dark reaction" or Carbon fixation reactions of photosynthesis, cannot occur at night in a living plant. Which of the following best describes why this is true? A) The stomata are incapable of opening at night, thus CO2 cannot enter the leaf B) The reactions of the Calvin cycle are dependent on light reactions for high-energy compounds C) Several enxymes necessary for Calvin cycle activity have been degraded during the day and must be replaced D) Light is required to transport the water necessary for the cycle E) Cooler temperatures at night slow enzyme activity and rates of substrate diffusionarrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly sequences the steps of non-cyclic electron transport? a) Chlorophyll molecules absorb UV radiation exciting electrons which flow through photosystem I, returning to the chlorophyll molecules b) Electrons donated from water molecules pass through photosystem I then photosystem II before returning to the chlorophyll molecules, generating ATP in the process c) Water is oxidized by the capture of light energy; these excited electrons are passed through the dark reactions, returning to chlorophyll during the final light reactions d) The ATP and NADPH generated by the reactions of photosystem II and photosystem I are utilized by the Calvin Cycle to build high energy glucose moleculesarrow_forward
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Photosynthesis & Respiration | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XIyweZg6Sw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY