Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The bond angles around the labeled carbon atoms in the structure needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:
Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) | Shape | Bond angles | Hybridization |
2 (2+0) | Linear | 180 | sp |
3 (3+0) | Trigonal planar | 120 | sp2 |
4 (4+0) | Tetrahedral | 109.5 | sp3 |
5 (5+0) | Trigonal bipyrimidal | 120. 90 | sp3 d |
6 (6+0) | Octahedral | 90 | sp3 d2 |
3 (2+1) | Bent | 120 | sp2 |
4 (2+2) | Bent | 109.5 | sp3 |
5 (3+1) | Trigonal pyramidal | 109.5 | sp3 |
(b)
Interpretation:
The hybridization of carbon atom labeled as
Concept introduction:
The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:
Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) | Shape | Bond angles | Hybridization |
2 (2+0) | Linear | 180 | sp |
3 (3+0) | Trigonal planar | 120 | sp2 |
4 (4+0) | Tetrahedral | 109.5 | sp3 |
5 (5+0) | Trigonal bipyrimidal | 120. 90 | sp3 d |
6 (6+0) | Octahedral | 90 | sp3 d2 |
3 (2+1) | Bent | 120 | sp2 |
4 (2+2) | Bent | 109.5 | sp3 |
5 (3+1) | Trigonal pyramidal | 109.5 | sp3 |
(c)
Interpretation:
The orbitals overlap in the structure to form a C-C double bond in the five-membered ring needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The bond angle around an atom can be determined from the hybridization of the atom. The bond angles corresponding to the hybridization and geometry around the atom are as follows:
Total pair of electrons (B.P+L.P) | Shape | Bond angles | Hybridization |
2 (2+0) | Linear | 180 | sp |
3 (3+0) | Trigonal planar | 120 | sp2 |
4 (4+0) | Tetrahedral | 109.5 | sp3 |
5 (5+0) | Trigonal bipyrimidal | 120. 90 | sp3 d |
6 (6+0) | Octahedral | 90 | sp3 d2 |
3 (2+1) | Bent | 120 | sp2 |
4 (2+2) | Bent | 109.5 | sp3 |
5 (3+1) | Trigonal pyramidal | 109.5 | sp3 |
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