Chemistry
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781259911156
Author: Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 8.142QP
Referring to Table 8.2, explain why the first ionization energy of helium is less than twice the ionization energy of hydrogen, but the second ionization energy of helium is greater than twice the ionization energy of hydrogen. [Hint: According to Coulomb’s law, the energy between two charges Q1 and Q2 separated by distance r is proportional to (Q1Q2/r).]
Table 8.2 The Ionization Energies (kJ/mol) of the First 20 Elements
Z | Element | First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | Sixth |
1 | H | 1,312 | |||||
2 | He | 2,373 | 5,251 | ||||
3 | Li | 520 | 7,300 | 11,815 | |||
4 | Be | 899 | 1,757 | 14,850 | 21,005 | ||
5 | B | 801 | 2,430 | 3,660 | 25,000 | 32,820 | |
6 | C | 1,086 | 2,350 | 4,620 | 6,220 | 38,000 | 47,261 |
7 | N | 1,400 | 2,860 | 4,580 | 7,500 | 9,400 | 53,000 |
8 | O | 1,314 | 3,390 | 5,300 | 7,470 | 11,000 | 13,000 |
9 | F | 1,680 | 3,370 | 6,050 | 8,400 | 11,000 | 15,200 |
10 | Ne | 2,080 | 3,950 | 6,120 | 9,370 | 12,200 | 15,000 |
11 | Na | 495.9 | 4,560 | 6,900 | 9,540 | 13,400 | 16,600 |
12 | Mg | 738.1 | 1,450 | 7,730 | 10,500 | 13,600 | 18,000 |
13 | Al | 577.9 | 1,820 | 2,750 | 11,600 | 14,800 | 18,400 |
14 | Si | 786.3 | 1,580 | 3,230 | 4,360 | 16,000 | 20,000 |
15 | P | 1,012 | 1,904 | 2,910 | 4,960 | 6,240 | 21,000 |
16 | S | 999.5 | 2,250 | 3,360 | 4,660 | 6,990 | 8,500 |
17 | Cl | 1,251 | 2,297 | 3,820 | 5,160 | 6,540 | 9,300 |
18 | Ar | 1,521 | 2,666 | 3,900 | 5,770 | 7,240 | 8,800 |
19 | K | 418.7 | 3,052 | 4,410 | 5,900 | 8,000 | 9,600 |
20 | Ca | 589.5 | 1,145 | 4,900 | 6,500 | 8,100 | 11,000 |
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry
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