Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Series)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305970663
Author: Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. Mowen
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 40P
The controller for Muir Company’s Salem plant is analyzing
Required:
- 1. Calculate an overhead rate based on machine hours using the total overhead cost and total machine hours. (Round the overhead rate to the nearest cent and predicted overhead to the nearest dollar.) Use this rate to predict overhead for each of the 12 months.
- 2. Run a regression equation using only machine hours as the independent variable. Prepare a flexible budget for overhead for the 12 months using the results of this regression equation. (Round the intercept and x-coefficient to the nearest cent and predicted overhead to the nearest dollar.) Is this flexible budget better than the budget in Requirement 1? Why or why not?
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Series)
Ch. 8 - Define budget. How are budgets used in planning?Ch. 8 - Prob. 2DQCh. 8 - Prob. 3DQCh. 8 - What is the master budget? An operating budget? A...Ch. 8 - Explain the role of a sales forecast in budgeting....Ch. 8 - All budgets depend on the sales budget. Is this...Ch. 8 - What is an accounts receivable aging schedule? Why...Ch. 8 - Suppose that the vice president of sales is a...Ch. 8 - Suppose that the controller of your companys...Ch. 8 - Prob. 10DQ
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11DQCh. 8 - Discuss the shortcomings of the traditional master...Ch. 8 - Define static budget. Give an example that shows...Ch. 8 - What are the two meanings of a flexible budget?...Ch. 8 - What are the steps involved in building an...Ch. 8 - FlashKick Company manufactures and sells soccer...Ch. 8 - Refer to Cornerstone Exercise 8.1, through...Ch. 8 - Refer to Cornerstone Exercise 8.2 for the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4CECh. 8 - Johnston Company cleans and applies powder coat...Ch. 8 - Play-Disc makes Frisbee-type plastic discs. Each...Ch. 8 - Refer to Cornerstone Exercise 8.6. Required: 1....Ch. 8 - Timothy Donaghy has developed a unique formula for...Ch. 8 - Green Earth Landscaping Company provides monthly...Ch. 8 - Coral Seas Jewelry Company makes and sells costume...Ch. 8 - Shalimar Company manufactures and sells industrial...Ch. 8 - Khloe Company imports gift items from overseas and...Ch. 8 - Nashler Company has the following budgeted...Ch. 8 - Refer to Cornerstone Exercise 8.13. In March,...Ch. 8 - Palmgren Company produces consumer products. The...Ch. 8 - Prob. 16ECh. 8 - Crescent Company produces stuffed toy animals; one...Ch. 8 - Audio-2-Go, Inc., manufactures MP3 players. Models...Ch. 8 - Tiger Drug Store carries a variety of health and...Ch. 8 - Rosita Flores owns Rositas Mexican Restaurant in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21ECh. 8 - Janet Wooster owns a retail store that sells new...Ch. 8 - Historically, Ragman Company has had no...Ch. 8 - Del Spencer is the owner and founder of Del...Ch. 8 - Refer to Exercise 8.24. Del Spencers purchases...Ch. 8 - Ingles Corporation is a manufacturer of tables...Ch. 8 - In an attempt to improve budgeting, the controller...Ch. 8 - Refer to Exercise 8.27. At the end of the year,...Ch. 8 - Olympus, Inc., manufactures three models of...Ch. 8 - Refer to Exercise 8.29. Suppose Gene determines...Ch. 8 - Trumbull Co. plans to produce 100,000 toy cars...Ch. 8 - Which of the following describes the order in...Ch. 8 - A companys controller is adjusting next years...Ch. 8 - A companys sales for the coming months are as...Ch. 8 - The budget that adjusts unit sales for beginning...Ch. 8 - Ponderosa, Inc., produces wiring harness...Ch. 8 - Bernard Creighton is the controller for Creighton...Ch. 8 - Greiner Company makes and sells high-quality glare...Ch. 8 - Prob. 39PCh. 8 - The controller for Muir Companys Salem plant is...Ch. 8 - Refer to Problem 8.40 for data. Required: 1. Run a...Ch. 8 - Norton Company, a manufacturer of infant furniture...
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- Firenza Company manufactures specialty tools to customer order. Budgeted overhead for the coming year is: Previously, Sanjay Bhatt, Firenza Companys controller, had applied overhead on the basis of machine hours. Expected machine hours for the coming year are 50,000. Sanjay has been reading about activity-based costing, and he wonders whether or not it might offer some advantages to his company. He decided that appropriate drivers for overhead activities are purchase orders for purchasing, number of setups for setup cost, engineering hours for engineering cost, and machine hours for other. Budgeted amounts for these drivers are 5,000 purchase orders, 500 setups, and 2,500 engineering hours. Sanjay has been asked to prepare bids for two jobs with the following information: The typical bid price includes a 40 percent markup over full manufacturing cost. Required: 1. Calculate a plantwide rate for Firenza Company based on machine hours. What is the bid price of each job using this rate? 2. Calculate activity rates for the four overhead activities. What is the bid price of each job using these rates? 3. Which bids are more accurate? Why?arrow_forwardDouglas Davis, controller for Marston, Inc., prepared the following budget for manufacturing costs at two different levels of activity for 20X1: During 20X1, Marston worked a total of 80,000 direct labor hours, used 250,000 machine hours, made 32,000 moves, and performed 120 batch inspections. The following actual costs were incurred: Marston applies overhead using rates based on direct labor hours, machine hours, number of moves, and number of batches. The second level of activity (the right column in the preceding table) is the practical level of activity (the available activity for resources acquired in advance of usage) and is used to compute predetermined overhead pool rates. Required: 1. Prepare a performance report for Marstons manufacturing costs in the current year. 2. Assume that one of the products produced by Marston is budgeted to use 10,000 direct labor hours, 15,000 machine hours, and 500 moves and will be produced in five batches. A total of 10,000 units will be produced during the year. Calculate the budgeted unit manufacturing cost. 3. One of Marstons managers said the following: Budgeting at the activity level makes a lot of sense. It really helps us manage costs better. But the previous budget really needs to provide more detailed information. For example, I know that the moving materials activity involves the use of forklifts and operators, and this information is lost when only the total cost of the activity for various levels of output is reported. We have four forklifts, each capable of providing 10,000 moves per year. We lease these forklifts for five years, at 10,000 per year. Furthermore, for our two shifts, we need up to eight operators if we run all four forklifts. Each operator is paid a salary of 30,000 per year. Also, I know that fuel costs about 0.25 per move. Assuming that these are the only three items, expand the detail of the flexible budget for moving materials to reveal the cost of these three resource items for 20,000 moves and 40,000 moves, respectively. Based on these comments, explain how this additional information can help Marston better manage its costs. (Especially consider how activity-based budgeting may provide useful information for non-value-added activities.)arrow_forwardFlaherty, Inc., has just completed its first year of operations. The unit costs on a normal costing basis are as follows: During the year, the company had the following activity: Actual fixed overhead was 12,000 less than budgeted fixed overhead. Budgeted variable overhead was 5,000 less than the actual variable overhead. The company used an expected actual activity level of 12,000 direct labor hours to compute the predetermined overhead rates. Any overhead variances are closed to Cost of Goods Sold. Required: 1. Compute the unit cost using (a) absorption costing and (b) variable costing. 2. Prepare an absorption-costing income statement. 3. Prepare a variable-costing income statement. 4. Reconcile the difference between the two income statements.arrow_forward
- Big Mikes, a large hardware store, has gathered data on its overhead activities and associated costs for the past 10 months. Nizam Sanjay, a member of the controllers department, believes that overhead activities and costs should be classified into groups that have the same driver. He has decided that unloading incoming goods, counting goods, and inspecting goods can be grouped together as a more general receiving activity, since these three activities are all driven by the number of receiving orders. The 10 months of data shown below have been gathered for the receiving activity. Required: 1. Prepare a scattergraph, plotting the receiving costs against the number of purchase orders. Use the vertical axis for costs and the horizontal axis for orders. 2. Select two points that make the best fit, and compute a cost formula for receiving costs. 3. Using the high-low method, prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity. 4. Using the method of least squares, prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity. What is the coefficient of determination?arrow_forwardCarlo Lee Corp. has established the following standard cost per unit: Although 10,000 units were budgeted, only 8,800 units were produced. The purchasing department bought 55,000 lb of materials at a cost of $123,750. Actual pounds of materials used were 54,305. Direct labor cost was $186,550 for 18,200 hours worked. Required: Make journal entries to record the materials transactions, assuming that the materials price variance was recorded at the time of purchase. Make journal entries to record the labor variances.arrow_forwardYoung Company is beginning operations and is considering three alternatives to allocate manufacturing overhead to individual units produced. Young can use a plantwide rate, departmental rates, or activity-based costing. Young will produce many types of products in its single plant, and not all products will be processed through all departments. In which one of the following independent situations would reported net income for the first year be the same regardless of which overhead allocation method had been selected? a. All production costs approach those costs that were budgeted. b. The sales mix does not vary from the mix that was budgeted. c. All manufacturing overhead is a fixed cost. d. All ending inventory balances are zero.arrow_forward
- Kelly Gray, production manager, was upset with the latest performance report, which indicated that she was 100,000 over budget. Given the efforts that she and her workers had made, she was confident that they had met or beat the budget. Now, she was not only upset but also genuinely puzzled over the results. Three itemsdirect labor, power, and setupswere over budget. The actual costs for these three items follow: Kelly knew that her operation had produced more units than originally had been budgeted, so more power and labor had naturally been used. She also knew that the uncertainty in scheduling had led to more setups than planned. When she pointed this out to John Huang, the controller, he assured her that the budgeted costs had been adjusted for the increase in productive activity. Curious, Kelly questioned John about the methods used to make the adjustment. JOHN: If the actual level of activity differs from the original planned level, we adjust the budget by using budget formulasformulas that allow us to predict what the costs will be for different levels of activity. KELLY: The approach sounds reasonable. However, Im sure something is wrong here. Tell me exactly how you adjusted the costs of labor, power, and setups. JOHN: First, we obtain formulas for the individual items in the budget by using the method of least squares. We assume that cost variations can be explained by variations in productive activity where activity is measured by direct labor hours. Here is a list of the cost formulas for the three items you mentioned. The variable X is the number of direct labor hours: Labor cost = 10X Power cost = 5,000 + 4X Setup cost = 100,000 KELLY: I think I see the problem. Power costs dont have a lot to do with direct labor hours. They have more to do with machine hours. As production increases, machine hours increase more rapidly than direct labor hours. Also, ... JOHN: You know, you have a point. The coefficient of determination for power cost is only about 50 percent. That leaves a lot of unexplained cost variation. The coefficient for labor, however, is much betterit explains about 96 percent of the cost variation. Setup costs, of course, are fixed. KELLY: Well, as I was about to say, setup costs also have very little to do with direct labor hours. And I might add that they certainly are not fixedat least not all of them. We had to do more setups than our original plan called for because of the scheduling changes. And we have to pay our people when they work extra hours. It seems as if we are always paying overtime. I wonder if we simply do not have enough people for the setup activity. Supplies are used for each setup, and these are not cheap. Did you build these extra costs of increased setup activity into your budget? JOHN: No, we assumed that setup costs were fixed. I see now that some of them could vary as the number of setups increases. Kelly, let me see if I can develop some cost formulas based on better explanatory variables. Ill get back with you in a few days. Assume that after a few days work, John developed the following cost formulas, all with a coefficient of determination greater than 90 percent: Labor cost = 10X; where X = Direct labor hours Power cost = 68,000 + 0.9Y; where Y = Machine hours Setup cost = 98,000 + 400Z; where Z = Number of setups The actual measures of each of the activity drivers are as follows: Required: 1. Prepare a performance report for direct labor, power, and setups using the direct-labor-based formulas. 2. Prepare a performance report for direct labor, power, and setups using the multiple cost driver formulas that John developed. 3. Of the two approaches, which provides the most accurate picture of Kellys performance? Why? 4. After reviewing the approach to performance measurement, a consultant remarked that non-value-added cost trend reports would be a much better performance measurement approach than comparing actual costs with budgeted costseven if activity flexible budgets were used. Do you agree or disagree? Explain.arrow_forwardListed below are the budgeted factory overhead costs for 2011 for Moss Industries at a projected level of 2,000 units: Required: Prepare flexible budgets for factory overhead at the 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 unit levels. (Hint: You must first decide which of the listed costs should be considered variable and which should be fixed.)arrow_forwardUSD Inc. has established the following standard cost per unit: Although 10,000 units were budgeted, 12,000 units were produced. The Purchasing department bought 50,000 lb of materials at a cost of $237,500. Actual pounds of materials used were 46,000. Direct labor cost was $287,500 for 25,000 hours worked. Required: Make journal entries to record the materials transactions, assuming that the materials price variance was recorded at the time of purchase. Make journal entries to record the labor variances.arrow_forward
- Fargo Co. manufactures products in batches of 100 units per batch. The company uses a standard cost system and prepares budgets that call for 500 of these batches per period. Budgeted fixed overhead is $60,000 per period. The standard costs per batch follow: During the period, 503 batches were manufactured, and the following costs were incurred: Required: Calculate the variances for materials, labor, and overhead. For overhead, use the two-variance method. (Hint: Please use the information given about the budgeted fixed overhead to compute the variable overhead rate.)arrow_forwardAnderson Company has the following departmental manufacturing structure for one of its products: After some study, the production manager of Anderson recommended the following revised cellular manufacturing approach: Required: 1. Calculate the total time it takes to produce a batch of 20 units using Andersons traditional departmental structure. 2. Using cellular manufacturing, how much time is saved producing the same batch of 20 units? Assuming the cell operates continuously, what is the production rate? Which process controls this production rate? 3. What if the processing times of molding, welding, and assembly are all reduced to six minutes each? What is the production rate now, and how long will it take to produce a batch of 20 units?arrow_forwardThe controller of the South Charleston plant of Ravinia, Inc., monitored activities associated with materials handling costs. The high and low levels of resource usage occurred in September and March for three different resources associated with materials handling. The number of moves is the driver. The total costs of the three resources and the activity output, as measured by moves for the two different levels, are presented as follows: Required: 1. Determine the cost behavior formula of each resource. Use the high-low method to assess the fixed and variable components. 2. Using your knowledge of cost behavior, predict the cost of each item for an activity output level of 9,000 moves. 3. Construct a cost formula that can be used to predict the total cost of the three resources combined. Using this formula, predict the total materials handling cost if activity output is 9,000 moves. In general, when can cost formulas be combined to form a single cost formula?arrow_forward
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