One way to estimate the effective charge
Interpretation: The effective nuclear charge(
Concept introduction:
Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove a valence electron from a neutral atom in gaseous phase.
The ionization energy is expressed in
Across the period, effective nuclear charge increases and down the group, effective nuclear charge decreases.
Answer to Problem 123AP
Solution: The effective nuclear charge of lithium, sodium, and potassium are1.26, 1.84, and 2.26, respectively. The value of
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The equation for first ionization energy is given as follows:
Here,
Rearrange the above equation as follows:
For lithium, the principle quantum number is 2 and first ionization energy
So, the effective nuclear charge for lithium is calculated as follows:
Substitute 2 for
For sodium, the principle quantum number is 3 and the first ionization energy
So, the effective nuclear charge for lithium is calculated as follows:
Substitute 3 for
Similarly, for potassium, the principle quantum number is 4 and first ionization energy
So, the effective nuclear charge for lithium is calculated as follows:
Substitute 4 for
Down the group, the effective charge decreases because shells with large value of
For lithium, the value of
For sodium, the value of
For potassium, the value of
Since, the
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry
- Which of the following ions are unlikely to be found in a chemical compound: Cs+, ln4+, Fe6+, Te2, Sn5+, and I? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardWhat neutral atoms are isoelectronic with the following ions? (a) Pb4+ (b) Br (c) S2 (d) Ni3+arrow_forwardThe electron configuration of the isotope 16O is 1s22s22p4. What is the electron configuration of the isotope 18O?arrow_forward
- Indicate whether or not each of the following pairs of atoms/ions are isoelectronic. a. K+ and Ar b. Al3+ and Cl c. S and Cl d. Na+ and Mg2+arrow_forwardA hydrogen-like ion is an ion containing only one electron. The energies of the electron in a hydrogen-like ion are given by (2.180 × 10-¹5 1) 2² (1) J) E = kJ where n is the principal quantum number, and Z is the atomic number of the element. Calculate the ionization energy, in your answer to 4 significant digits. mol Note: Reference the Fundamental constants table for additional information. ·2+ of the Li²+ ion. Round Iarrow_forward1) Which of the atoms listed below has the SMALLEST atomic radius? K Mg Rb Ca 2) Which of the atoms listed below has the GREATEST metallic character? Cs As Ga O 3) Which of the atoms listed below has the SMALLEST effective nuclear charge? Rb Sn As Brarrow_forward
- Arrange the following seven atoms or ions in order of size,from smallest to largest: K, F+, Rb, Co25+, Br, F, Rb-.arrow_forwardThe first five ionization energies (IE, through IE,) of a Period 5 element have the following pattern: IE, IE2 IE3 IE4 IE5 Make a reasonable guess about which element this is. Enter its chemical symbol below. kJ/molarrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning