Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 7, Problem 10CC
To determine
Whether the origin of a comet is the Kuiper belt or the Oort cloud. It is given that the orbital plane of the comet is perpendicular to the plane of earth’s orbit around the sun.
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Why is the composition of a comet typically dominated by volatile materials (frozen ices)?
choose one of the following:
a.
rock and metal could not condense out of the solar nebula at extreme distances from the sun
b.
most of the metal in the solar system is locked up inside the terrestrial planets
c.
metals are not stable in the outer solar system
d.
elements that form ices (as opposed to rock & metals) are more abundant in our solar system
Which of the following about comets is TRUE?
a. Cometary orbits always lie close to the ecliptic plane
b. Long period comets must originate from well beyond even the Kuiper Belt
c. The Oort cloud is the large cloud of gas surrounding a comet nucleus while it is near the Sun
d. Tails of comets always lie along the path of the orbit
A lot of asteroid and comet dust collides with Earth's atmosphere everyday. Assume that 500 tons of mass is added to Earth daily from the millions of meteors that enter our atmosphere. Estimate the time it would take for the Earth's mass to increase 0.2% with this impact rate. Is this mass accumulation significant to Earth as a planet.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Universe
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7 - Prob. 4CCCh. 7 - Prob. 5CCCh. 7 - Prob. 6CCCh. 7 - Prob. 7CCCh. 7 - Prob. 8CCCh. 7 - Prob. 9CCCh. 7 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 7 - Prob. 11CCCh. 7 - Prob. 12CCCh. 7 - Prob. 13CCCh. 7 - Prob. 1CLCCh. 7 - Prob. 2CLCCh. 7 - Prob. 3CLCCh. 7 - Prob. 4CLCCh. 7 - Prob. 1QCh. 7 - Prob. 2QCh. 7 - Prob. 3QCh. 7 - Prob. 4QCh. 7 - Prob. 5QCh. 7 - Prob. 6QCh. 7 - Prob. 7QCh. 7 - Prob. 8QCh. 7 - Prob. 9QCh. 7 - Prob. 10QCh. 7 - Prob. 11QCh. 7 - Prob. 12QCh. 7 - Prob. 13QCh. 7 - Prob. 14QCh. 7 - Prob. 15QCh. 7 - Prob. 16QCh. 7 - Prob. 17QCh. 7 - Prob. 18QCh. 7 - Prob. 19QCh. 7 - Prob. 20QCh. 7 - Prob. 21QCh. 7 - Prob. 22QCh. 7 - Prob. 23QCh. 7 - Prob. 24QCh. 7 - Prob. 25QCh. 7 - Prob. 26QCh. 7 - Prob. 27QCh. 7 - Prob. 28QCh. 7 - Prob. 29QCh. 7 - Prob. 30QCh. 7 - Prob. 31QCh. 7 - Prob. 32QCh. 7 - Prob. 33QCh. 7 - Prob. 34QCh. 7 - Prob. 35QCh. 7 - Prob. 36QCh. 7 - Prob. 37QCh. 7 - Prob. 38QCh. 7 - Prob. 39QCh. 7 - Prob. 40QCh. 7 - Prob. 41Q
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- Which meteorites are the most useful for defining the age of the solar system? Why?arrow_forwardA comet has a period of 76.3 years and moves in an elliptical orbit in which its perihelion (Closest approach to the Sun) is 0.610 AU. Find (a) the semimajor axis of the comet and (b) an estimate of the comets maximum distance from the Sun, both in astronomical units.arrow_forwardCalculate the average distance of a period comet from the sun if it takes 125 years for the comet to orbit the sun.arrow_forward
- What is the relative velocity and impact energy of the Earth and an asteroid on 10/8/2023 with: a) a diameter of 25 meters, aphelion at the Earth and perihelion at Venus b) a diameter of 1 km and perihelion at Earth and aphelion in the asteroid belt (2.5 AU)arrow_forwardd) The internal density of the comet 67P was measured by the Rosetta space-craft to be approximately p = 400 kg m-³. How close an approach to the Earth could be made by this comet before it is tidally disrupted? Express your answer in units of the Earth's radius. Ignoring the effects of heating and sublimation, state how close this comet could approach the Sun without being tidally disrupted. Express your answer in units of the Solar radius.arrow_forwardThe European Space Agency’s (ESA) Rosetta mission reached Comet 67P at the time when the comet approached perihelion. Figure 20 shows jets emerging from the comet. Do these images confirm that comets are ‘dirty snowballs’? Why, or why not?arrow_forward
- How fast would a piece of rock need to be blasted outward from the surface of Mars to escape into space as a meteoroid?arrow_forwardGM What is the orbital velocity and period of a ring particle at the outer edge of Saturn's A ring? (Note: The radius of the edge of the A ring is 136,500 km. Hint: Use the formula for orbital velocity, V. = v orbital velocity km/s period hrarrow_forwardWhere does the gas and the dust in the coma of a comet come from?arrow_forward
- Assume that a 10-km asteroid hits the earth at about 20 km/s An amount of water equal to about 30 times the mass of the asteroid will simply be splashed into the stratosphere above about 15 km. Roughly what fraction of the impact energy does this represent? About ____% of the impact energy is required to splash water equal to 30 times the mass of the asteroid into the stratosphere.arrow_forwardWhat is the density of Jupiter’s moon Europa (see Appendix G for data on moons)?arrow_forwardAssume that a 10-km asteroid hits the earth at about 20 km/s Computer simulations suggest that for large-energy impacts similar to the one described, water having about 3 times the mass of the asteroid is essentially instantly vaporized in an ocean impact. What fraction of the asteroid’s energy does the energy required to do this represent? About ___% of the asteroid’s energy is required to instantly vaporize water 3 times the mass of the asteroid.arrow_forward
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