Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 53.7, Problem 2SB
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effects of the size of an island and its distance from the mainland on the number of species that can occupy it according to the equilibrium theory of island biogeography.
Introduction:
Species richness of a community refers to the number of species in a particular geographical area. The equilibrium theory of island biogeography attempts to explain the effects of the size of an island and its distance from the mainland on species richness. This theory is developed by McArthur and Wilson from their studies on island communities.
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Imagine that you were trying to set up some protected areas to save alpine meadow communities. What may determine the number of species maintained in each meadow in light of what you know about island biogeography? Would you expect the species compsotion to change in your meadows parks over time and why?
This relates to the equillibrium theory of island biogeography.
Two ecologists, Robert H. MacArthur and Edward Wilson, studied how organisms immigrate to islands and how their numbers change after colonization. They developed the island biogeography model to explain the
composition and diversity of island species. The graph below shows the number of species versus the size of the Caribbean island:
Number of Species
1,000
100
1
Redona
10
SPECIES BY AREA
Saba
Puerto Rico:
Monserrat
100
1,000
Hispaniola
Jamaica
10,000
Island Size in Square Kilometers
Cuba
100,000 1,000,000
a. Use the Species by Area graph and your knowledge of how organisms can immigrate to answer the following:
i. Identify the likely scientific question being investigated in the study.
ii. Describe the relationship between species number and island size observed in the data.
iii. Explain how the experiment results would change if the islands had frequent ships that docked on them from distant bodies of water.
b. Scientists have found that most species on the same continent are more…
Using island biogeography theory, on which island would you expect to find a greater number of species
A small island of a large island (both, the same distance from the mainland)?
A 5km squared island from the mainland, or a 5 km squared island closer to the mainland
Chapter 53 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 53.1 - How might natural selection favor a carnivore that...Ch. 53.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 53.1 - How can field experiments demonstrate conclusively...Ch. 53.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 53.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 53.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 53.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 53.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 53.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 53.4 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 53.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 53.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 53.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 53.6 - How does a climax community differ from early...Ch. 53.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 53.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 53.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 53 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 53 - The use of the same limiting resource by two...Ch. 53 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 53 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 53 - A keystone species: a. is usually a primary...Ch. 53 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 53 - The change in the species composition of a...Ch. 53 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 53 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 53 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 53 - The table below shows how many individuals were...Ch. 53 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 53 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 53 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 53 - Prob. 1ITD
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- Choose one of the following factors and explain how and why species richness varies with it: temporal variation, latitude, succession. Give a specific example.arrow_forwardIn the equilibrium model of island biogeography, the immigration rate to an island depends mainly on: a) Distance from sources of migrants b) Extent of introductions by human colonists c) Extinction rate d) Island sizearrow_forwardHow does the ratio of the proportion of edge to interior habitat change with increasing patch size? How does species diversity change with increasing patch size?arrow_forward
- What major pattern do patterns of island diversity and continental diversity have in common? (Geographic ecology)arrow_forwardBased on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a community of higherspecies richness always more diverse than a community of lower speciesrichness? Explainarrow_forwardBased on island biogeography theory, how is diversity expected to vary among different islands? a)Larger islands that are further from mainland will have relatively high diversity b)Smaller islands that are closer to mainland will have relatively high diversity c)Larger islands that are closer to mainland will have relatively high diversity d)Smaller islands that are further from mainland will have relatively high diversityarrow_forward
- What are the processes generating spatial patterns of biodiversity? What are the roles of biotic and abiotic factors in determining species’ range limits?arrow_forwardSuppose you were given the task of estimating the density of two plant species in a field. Based on the life histories of the two species, you expect that the spatial distribution of one of the species is approximately uniform, whereas the other is likely to be clumped. How might your approach to estimating the density of these two species differ?arrow_forwardBetween Tenerife and La Gomera, which island would be expected to have a greater number of species? In your discussion of why, focus on the primary difference between the islands (size or distance from the mainland) A) Tenerife B) La Gomera and whyarrow_forward
- How does a positive interspecific distribution-abundance relationship occur in ecology?arrow_forwardTwo islands exist in the eastern Pacific. The animal and plant life on both islands were wiped out by a freak storm at the same time. Island "A" is 100 miles off the coast of Peru; whereas island "B" is only 10 miles off Peru's coast. Island "A" is much smaller than island "B" (20 square miles as opposed to 75 square miles). Which island has a higher species richness equilibrium ? Explain why using the Theory of Island Biogeography.arrow_forwardWhat are the three types of ecological pyramids.arrow_forward
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