Inorganic Chemistry
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321811059
Author: Gary L. Miessler, Paul J. Fischer, Donald A. Tarr
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.40P
Calculate and display the orbitals for the linear molecule
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The diatomic molecule OH exists in the gas phase. OH playsan important part in combustion reactions and is a reactiveoxidizing agent in polluted air. The bond length and bondenergy have been measured to be 97.06 pm and 424.7 kJ/mol,respectively. Assume that the OH molecule is analogous to theHF molecule discussed in the chapter and that the MOs resultfrom the overlap of a pz orbital from oxygen and the 1s orbitalof hydrogen (the OOH bond lies along the z axis).
Explain the formation of H, molecule on the basis of va
Write the important conditions required for the linear combination of a
to form molecular orbitals.
The diagram that follows shows the highest-energy occupiedMOs of a neutral molecule CX, where element X is in thesame row of the periodic table as C. (a) Based on the numberof electrons, can you determine the identity of X? (b) Wouldthe molecule be diamagnetic or paramagnetic? (c) Considerthe π2p MOs of the molecule. Would you expect them to havea greater atomic orbital contribution from C, have a greateratomic orbital contribution from X, or be an equal mixtureof atomic orbitals from the two atoms?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Inorganic Chemistry
Ch. 5.1 - Repeat the process in the preceding example for...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5.2ECh. 5.3 - Use a similar approach to the discussion of HF to...Ch. 5.4 - Sketch the energy levels and the molecular...Ch. 5.4 - Using the D2h character table shown, verify that...Ch. 5.4 - Using orbital potential energies, show that group...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 5.7ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.8ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.9ECh. 5.4 - Use the projection operator method to derive...
Ch. 5.4 - Determine the types of hybrid orbitals that are...Ch. 5.4 - Determine the reducible representation for all the...Ch. 5 - Expand the list of orbitais considered in Figures...Ch. 5 - On the basis of molecular orbitals, predict the...Ch. 5 - On the basis of molecular orbitals, predict the...Ch. 5 - Compare the bonding in O22,O2 and O2 Include Lewis...Ch. 5 - Although the peroxide ion, O22 and the acetylide...Ch. 5 - High-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy has...Ch. 5 - a. Prepare a molecular orbital energy-level...Ch. 5 - a. Prepare a molecular orbital energy-level...Ch. 5 - NF is a known molecule a. Construct a molecular...Ch. 5 - The hypofluorite ion, OF can be observed only with...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11PCh. 5 - Although KrF+ and XeF+ have been studied, KrBr+...Ch. 5 - Prepare a molecular orbital energy level diagram...Ch. 5 - Methylene, CH2 plays an important role in many...Ch. 5 - Beryllium hydride, BeH2 is linear in the gas...Ch. 5 - In the gas phase, BeF2 forms linear monomeric...Ch. 5 - For the compound XeF2 do the following: a. Sketch...Ch. 5 - TaH5 has been predicted to have C4v symmetry, with...Ch. 5 - Describe the bonding in ozone, o3 on the basis of...Ch. 5 - Describe the bonding in SO3 by using group theory...Ch. 5 - The ion H3+ has been observed, but its structure...Ch. 5 - Use molecular orbital arguments to explain the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.23PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24PCh. 5 - The isomenc ions NSO (thiazate) and SNO...Ch. 5 - Apply the projection operator method to derive the...Ch. 5 - Apply the projection operator method to derive the...Ch. 5 - A set of four group orbitals derived from four 3s...Ch. 5 - The projection operator method has applications...Ch. 5 - Although the cl2+ ion has not been isolated, it...Ch. 5 - BF3 is often described as a molecule in which...Ch. 5 - SF4 has C2v symmetry. Predict the possible...Ch. 5 - Consider a square pyramidal AB5 molecule. Using...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.34PCh. 5 - For the molecule PCl5 : a. Using the character...Ch. 5 - Molecular modeling software is typically capable...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.39PCh. 5 - Calculate and display the orbitals for the linear...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.41PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43PCh. 5 - Diborane, B2H6 , has the structure shown. a. Using...
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- In each of the following molecules, a central atom is surrounded by a total of three atoms or unshared electron pairs: SnCl2, BCl3, SO2. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 120? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardThe B2 molecule is paramagnetic; show how this indicates that the energy ordering of the orbitals in this molecule is given by Figure 6.18a rather than 6.18b.arrow_forwardWhat are the relationships among bond order, bond energy, and bond length? Which of these quantities can be measured?arrow_forward
- The cations O2+ and N2+ are formed when molecules of O2 and N2 are subjected to intense, high-energy solar radiation in Earths upper atmosphere. Write the electron configuration for O2+. Predict its bond order and magnetic behavior.arrow_forwardCalcium carbide (CaC2) is an intermediate in the manufacturing of acetylene (C2H2) . It is the calcium salt of the carbide (also called acetylide) ion (C22) . What is the electron configuration of this molecular ion? What is its bond order?arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the molecular orbital and ionic bonding descriptions of LiF.arrow_forward
- Sketch the molecular orbital diagram for the ground state of carbon monoxide, determine the bond order, and indicate if the molecule is paramagnetic or diamagnetic.arrow_forward6. For heteronuclear diatomic molecules, the energy-level diagrams of the molecular orbitals need to be modified via calculation. For both NO and CN', the order of molecular orbitals are similar to that of O,. Write electron configurations of NO and CN including core electrons, starting with o1,'01,*². Which bond is stronger? (hint: bond order)arrow_forward3 2 4 5 Consider the following second-period heteronuclear diatomic molecule. Combining the valence orbitals (2px, 2py, 2pz, and 2s) of each of the two atoms creates eight new orbitals (one 02s*, one 02s, one 02p, one 02p, two л₂p, and two л₂p) that span the entire molecule and explain it's electronic properties. Those eight new orbitals exist at six energy levels. Rank the molecular orbitals of a F2 molecule from lowest (1) to highest (6) energy. Fatom 6- highest 1- lowest F2 molecule [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] F atomarrow_forward
- Given that the following MO-energy-level diagram applies to the the diatomic molecular cation BO+, match the letter label of each energy level with the corresponding orbital descriptor. (See attached image!) O2pσ2pσ2s*π2pσ2p*B+2sπ2p*σ2sO2sB+2p Does this diagram display the effect of s-p orbital mixing? YES or NO? Which kind of magnetism would be observed for this cation? paramagnetism diamagnetism What is the bond order for this cation? 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 2.0arrow_forwardAntibonding molecular orbitals can be used to make bondsto other atoms in a molecule. For example, metal atomscan use appropriate d orbitals to overlap with the π*2p orbitalsof the carbon monoxide molecule. This is calledd-π backbonding. (a) Draw a coordinate axis system inwhich the y-axis is vertical in the plane of the paper andthe x-axis horizontal. Write “M” at the origin to denote ametal atom. (b) Now, on the x-axis to the right of M, drawthe Lewis structure of a CO molecule, with the carbon nearest the M. The CO bond axis should be on the x-axis.(c) Draw the CO π*2p orbital, with phases (see the “CloserLook” box on phases) in the plane of the paper. Two lobesshould be pointing toward M. (d) Now draw the dxy orbitalof M, with phases. Can you see how they will overlap withthe π*2p orbital of CO? (e) What kind of bond is being madewith the orbitals between M and C, σ or π ? (f) Predict whatwill happen to the strength of the CO bond in a metal–COcomplex compared to CO alone.arrow_forwardConsider a ring system made up of 8 atoms (each one contributing a p atomic orbital to make 8 pi molecular orbitals). If the system is filled with 6 orbitals containing single, electrons, there will 6 orbitals containing pairs of electrons and 1 unpaired electrons. Hint: Use a Frost Circle. Use numbers rather than text for your answers.arrow_forward
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