Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 1AL
Discuss the statement: “The most obvious difference between eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal cells is in their use of membranes.” Specifically, compare the roles of bacterial and archaeal plasma membranes with those of the organelle membranes in eukaryotes.
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True or False
Cell walls are present in the cells of archaea, bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants only.
Photosynthetic unicellular prokaryotes such as Oscillatoria exhibit a green color when viewed under a microscope because of the presence of numerous chloroplasts.
The nuclear membrane is a double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus and is continuous with the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Which of the following is/are true about the Cellular Membrane Structure:
A. All membranes from plants, animals and microorganisms have similar biomolecular ultrastructure but varies in the types of lipids found.
B. All membranes examined that have 2 dark-staining layers in the electron microscope indicated the presence of a layer exposed to the outer cell surface and another facing the cytiplasmic layer.
C. The plasma membrane of cells are seen as thin, rigid, gel-like structure that is around 5-10nm thick.
D. Some membranes have more protein components and some have similar percentage composition as the lipids.
A, B, C only
B, C, D only
A, C, D only
A, B, D only
State the functions of each of the following cell membrane processes.
1. mosaicity
2. fluidity
3. self-healing
4. cytoskeletal fencing
5. lipid rafts
Chapter 5 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 5.1 - MICRO INQUIRY In addition to separating each...Ch. 5.3 - MICRO INQUIRY Which cytoskeletal filament is made...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1MICh. 5.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is a proteasome? Why...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 4CC
Ch. 5.4 - Describe the secretory pathway. To what...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 6CCCh. 5.5 - MICRO INQUIRY Which subunit attaches to the rough...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 5.6 - Describe the structure of aerobic mitochondria,...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.7 - Prepare and label a diagram showing the detailed...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.8 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Outline the major...Ch. 5.8 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What characteristics make...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RCCh. 5 - Prob. 2RCCh. 5 - Prob. 3RCCh. 5 - Prob. 4RCCh. 5 - Discuss the statement: The most obvious difference...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2ALCh. 5 - Compare the mechanisms by which most eukaryotic...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4AL
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- Give the respective structural descriptions and functions of the following: 1. Cell Membrane 2. Nucleus 3. Nucleolus 4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 5. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 6. Nuclear Membrane 7. Mitochondria 8. Golgi Apparatus 9. Cytoskeletonarrow_forwardDESCRIBE how a eukaryotic cell is compartmentalized and the importance of suchcompartmentalization. Your answer should include the following keywords: polar(hydrophilic), hydrophobic, amphipathic, protein, cholesterol, permeability, transport,metabolic pathways, transport.arrow_forward1. Movement of molecules through the cell membrane: A). Define the difference between passive transport and active transport, B). Include examples of each. C). For each example specify the type of cell, the name of the membrane protein(s), and the substance that is being transported. 2. Energy and cellular functions: The evolution of the Prokaryotic cell type into the Eukaryotic cell type is about an increase in cell size and complexity. The Chloroplast and the mitochondrion represent important contributors to this process. A). Compare the structure of the Chloroplasts and the Mitochondrion in the evolution of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes B). How does each contribute to the evolution of and success of the Eukaryote cell type.arrow_forward
- Describe the general functions of the following in a eukaryotic cell: the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes, organelles, and cytoskeleton.arrow_forwardAs part of their function, membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and the en- doplasmic reticulum, must move substances across their membranes. Which of the following statements best describes a feature shared by mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum that increases the efficiency of their functions? A B с D double membranes, in which one membrane encloses the other rigid and nonfluid membranes membranes composed of carbohydrates highly folded membranesarrow_forwardStructure is critically linked to function in most cell organelles. ATP synthase particles Intermembrane space Matrix Cristae Ribosome Granules Inner membrane Outer membrane Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) What is the function of the organelle shown? O It is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotes. O It is the site of aerobic respiration in prokaryotes. O It is the site of anaerobic respiration in eukaryotes. O It is the site of anaerobic respiration in prokaryotes. P Type here to searcharrow_forward
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzcTgrxMzZk facilitate a discussion on the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Address the diversity in structure and function of the various organelles. Additionally, predict and discuss what would be the impact on a cell if specific organelles were dysfunctional in that cell.arrow_forwardDistinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of presence or absence of a nucleus, presence or absence of membrane-bound organelles, size, and form the DNA takes (i.e., straight or circular).arrow_forwardDraw to scale the outline of two spherical cells, one a bacterium with a diameter of 1 μm, the other an animal cell with a diameter of 15 μm. Calculate the volume, surface area, and surface-to-volume ratio for each cell. how would the latter ratio change if you included the internal membranes of the cell in the calculation of surface area (assume internal membranes have 15 times the area of the plasma membrane)? (the volume of a sphere is given by 4πr3/3 and its surface by 4πr2, where r is its radius.) discuss the following hypothesis: “internal membranes allowed bigger cells to evolve.”arrow_forward
- Please answer this question in your own words: Explain how energy is invested, stored, and released via chemical reactions? Describe the structure and molecular makeup of the cell membrane? Name 3 mechanisms that cells use to transport and regulate materials into and outof the cell? Describe the functions of at least 4 different cytoplasmic organelles? What is the difference between Hypertonic, Hypotonic and Isotonic solutions? How are free radicals formed in the body?arrow_forwardMatch each eukaryotic organelle with its corresponding function. [Each choice will be used exactly once.] D Catalyzes the dehydration reaction that links amino acids. Contains powerful digestive enzymes. Responsible for protein folding and modification. Modifies proteins with a signal that assigns final destination. Contains almost all of the DNA. 1. Ribosome 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Nucleus 4. Golgi Complex 5. Lysosomearrow_forwardThe cellular membrane is often called the fluid mosaic model. To what does this refer? 1. The fluidity of hydrophobic regions and proteins, and the mosaic pattern of hydrophilic regions. 2. The fluidity of phospholipids and the pattern of proteins in the membrane. 3. The fluidity of proteins and the pattern of phospholipids in the membrane. 4. The ability of proteins to switch sides in the membranes.arrow_forward
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