Concept explainers
The two-parameter gamma distribution can be generalized by introducing a third parameter g, called a threshold or location parameter: replace x in (4.8) by x − γ and x ≥ 0 by x ≥ γ. This amounts to shifting the density curves in Figure 4.27 so that they begin their ascent or descent at g rather than 0. The article “Bivariate Flood Frequency Analysis with Historical Information Based on Copulas” (J. of Hydrologic Engr., 2013:1018–1030) employs this distribution to model X = 3-day flood volume (108 m3). Suppose that values of the parameters are α = 12, β = 7, γ = 40 (very close to estimates in the cited article based on past data)
a. What are the
b. What is the
c. What is the probability that flood volume exceeds its mean value by more than one standard deviation?
d. What is the 95th percentile of the flood volume distribution?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
- The following scatterplot shows the mean annual carbon dioxide (CO,) in parts (CO2) per million (ppm) measured at the top of a mountain and the mean annual air temperature over both land and sea across the globe, in degrees Celsius (C). Complete parts a through h on the right. f) View the accompanying scatterplot of the residuals vs. CO2. Does the scatterplot of the residuals vs. CO, show evidence of the violation of any assumptions behind the regression? 16.800 A. Yes, the outlier condition is violated. 16.725 O B. Yes, the linearity and equal variance assumptions are violated. 16.650 C. Yes, the equal variance assumption is violated. 16.575 O D. No, all assumptioris are okay. 16.500 O E. Yes, all the assumptions are violated. 325.0 337.5 350.0 362.5 CO2 (ppm) OF Yes, the linearity assumption is violated. his vear, What mean temperature doesarrow_forwardA mixture of pulverized fuel ash and Portland cement to be used for grouting should have a compressive strength of more than 1,300 KN/m?. The mixture will not be used unless experimental evidence indicates conclusively that the strength specification has been met. Suppose compressive strength for specimens of this mixture is normally distributed vrith o = 63. Let u denote the true average compressive strength.arrow_forwardThe department of zoology at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University carried out a study to determine if there is a significant difference in the density of organisms in two different stations located in Cedar Run, a secondary river that is located in the river basin. Roanoke. Drainage from a sewage treatment plant and overflow from the Federal Mogul Corporation sedimentation pond enter the flow near the source of the river. The following data give the density measurements, in numbers of organisms per square meter, at the two different collecting stations. Number of organisms per square meter Station 1 Station 2 5030 2800 13700 4670 10730 6890 11400 7720 860 7030 2200 7330 4250 2810 15040 1330 4980 3320 11910 1230 8130 2130 26850 2190 17660 22800 1130 1690 With a significance level of 0.05, can we conclude that the densities are the same in the two…arrow_forward
- A study has been conducted to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of a screening test. If the area under the ROC curve is 1: The screening test is very helpful. The screening test is not helpful. The screening test is somewhat helpful. Helpfulness cannot be determined from the information given.arrow_forwardComputer chips often contain surface imperfections.For a certain type of computer chip, theprobability mass function of the number of defects X is presented in the following table.arrow_forwardThe article "Drying of Pulps in Sprouted Bed: Effect of Composition on Dryer Performance" (M. Medeiros, S. Rocha, et al., Drying Technology, 2002:865-881) presents measurements of pH, viscosity (in kg/m - s), density (in g/cm), and BRIX (in percent). The following MINITAB output presents the results of fitting the model pH = 6, +6, Viscosity + B, Density + ß, BRIX +€ The regression equation is pH - -1.79 + 0.000266 Viscosity + 9.82 Density - 0.300 BRIX Predictor Coef SE Coef Constant -1.7914 6.2339 -0.29 0.778 Viscosity 0.00026626 0.00011517 2.31 0.034 Density 9.8184 5.7173 1.72 0.105 BRIX -0.29982 0.099039 -3.03 0.008 S - 0.379578 R-Sq - 50.0% R-Sq(adj) - 40.6% Predicted Values for New Observations New Obs Fit SE Fit 95% CI 95% PI 3.0875 0.1351 (2.8010, 3.3740) (2.2333, 3.9416) (3.4207, 4.0496) (2.3255, 3.3896) 2 3.7351 0.1483 (2.8712, 4.5990) з 2.8576 0.2510 (1.8929, 3.8222) Values of Predictors for New Observations New Obs Viscosity Density BRIX 1000 1.05 19.0 1200 1.08 18.0 2000…arrow_forward
- An experiment has been conducted to investigate the effects of carbon monoxide in the breathing capability of human. The claim was breathing frequency is higher in the presence of CO. The data below shows the result of the experiment. Assume that breathing frequency is approximately normal.a.) At 0.05 level, what is the critical region?b.) What is the t-value/z-score?arrow_forwardThe efficiency ratio for a steel specimen immersed in a phosphating tank is the weight of the phosphate coating divided by the metal loss (both in mg/ft2). The article “Statistical Process Control of a Phosphate Coating Line” (Wire J. Intl., May 1997: 78–81) gave the accompanying data on tank temperature (x) and efficiency ratio (y).Temp. 170 172 173 174 174 175 176Ratio .84 1.31 1.42 1.03 1.07 1.08 1.04Temp. 177 180 180 180 180 180 181Ratio 1.80 1.45 1.60 1.61 2.13 2.15 .84Temp. 181 182 182 182 182 184 184Ratio 1.43 .90 1.81 1.94 2.68 1.49 2.52Temp. 185 186 188Ratio 3.00 1.87 3.08a. Construct stem-and-leaf displays of both temperature and efficiency ratio, and comment on interesting features.b. Is the value of efficiency ratio completely and uniquely determined by tank temperature? Explain your reasoning.c. Construct a scatterplot of the data. Does it appear that efficiency ratio could be very well predicted by the value of temperature? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardAn article contained the following observations on degree of polymerization for paper spedmens for which viscosity times concentration fell in a certain middle range: 418 420 421 423 426 426 431 434 436 439 445 447 445 452 457 463 454 Comment on any interesting features. (Select all that apply.) O There is ittle or no skew. O The data appears to be centered near 438. O There is one outlinr. Ohere are no cutiers. O The data appears to be centered near 428. O The data is strongly skewnd. Calculate a two-sided 95% confidence interval for true average degree of polymerization. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) Does the interval suggest that 437 is a plausible value for true average degree of polymerization? O Yes O No Does the interval suggest that 456 is a plausible value? O Yes O Noarrow_forward
- DHL usually gives its customer a 60-minute window in which it expects home deliveries to be delivered. An independent consultant estimates that the final delivery time within the window is a delivery that follows the following condensation function:a. Draw the density function of the event. b. What is the expected value of the transaction? c. What is the variance of the event?arrow_forwardThe critical value for t for n = 9 for a one tail test at a = 5% LOS is %3D t table link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/10Vh9s) usp=sharing a. 1.860 b. 2.896 C. 1.833 d. 2.821arrow_forwardIndependent random samples from two regions in the same area gave the following chemical measurements (ppm). Assume the population distributions of the chemical are mound-shaped and symmetric for these two regions.arrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill