Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 42.3, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Detritivores are consumers that obtain their energy from detritus. How many joules of energy are potentially available to detritivores in the ecosystem represented in Figure 42.10?
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A. Using trophic levels and the food chain explain how energy flows through an ecosystem.
B. What is different about how matter flows through an ecosystem compared to energy?
C. Why does top predators or tertiary consumers have more toxins per gram of tissue than primary consumers?
D. How can endotherms control their energy expenditures? (speed up or slow down)
“The pyramid of energy is always upright” states that
A)The energy conversion efficiency of herbivores is better than carnivores.
B)The energy conversion efficiency of carnivores is better than herbivores
C)Producers have the lowest energy conversion efficiency
D)Energy conversion efficiency is the same in all trophic levels
please draw!
Create a model which accurately, in detail, depicts the potential pathways of carbon (biomass) and energy in an ecosystem with at least five trophic levels (don’t forget your decomposers, they can count as one trophic level). Make sure to incorporate the multiple pathways that biomass and energy could take at each trophic level. Lastly, clearly illustrate how carbon and energy flow in this ecosystem. Be sure to include adequate levels of detail for all pathways and differentiate the flow of carbon and energy in your model.
Chapter 42 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 42.1 - Why is the transfer of energy in an ecosystem...Ch. 42.1 - WHAT IF? You are studying nitrogen cycling on the...Ch. 42.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Use the second law of...Ch. 42.2 - Why is only a small portion of the solar energy...Ch. 42.2 - How can ecologists experimentally determine the...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.3 - If an insect that eats plant seeds containing 100...Ch. 42.3 - Tobacco leaves contain nicotine, a poisonous...Ch. 42.3 - WHAT IF? Detritivores are consumers that obtain...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.5 - How do bioremediation and biological augmentation...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 42 - Which of these ecosystems has the lowest net...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 42 - Which of the following has the greatest effect on...Ch. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 42 - INTERPRET THE DATA Draw a simplified global water...Ch. 42 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Using two neighboring ponds in...Ch. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATIER Decomposition typically...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
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- As a rule of thumb, about one-tenth of the energy or biomass consumed is stored at each trophic level. About how many kg of feed should it take to produce 1 kg of chicken meat that we eat? How much more energy should it take to provide you a meal of meat compared to vegetables?arrow_forwardFood Web Construction Directions: Construct a food web using the following organisms (grass,leaves,owl, snake,grasshopper,hawk,bird,caterpillar,rabbit) Use Words to Construct. And answer the question that follow 1What is/are the producer(s) in the food web? 2What organism(s) feed directly on plants? 3What is/are the secondary consumer(s) in the food web? 4What is/are the tertiary consumer(s) in the food web?arrow_forwardQuestiion: A given ecosystem has the following amounts of energy available at each trophic level: Primary producers: 3,000 gC/m2/day; Primary consumers: 450 gC/m2/day; Secondary consumers: 45 gC/m2/day; Tertiary consumers: 2.25 gC/m2/day. Does this ecosystem follow Lindeman’s Law for ecological efficiency? A- No, the average efficiency is 20% B- Yes, the average efficiency is 20% C- Yes, the average efficiency is 10% D- No, the average efficiency is 10%arrow_forward
- Find the flaws! Energy in a terrestrial ecosystem moves from the sun, to producer, to primary consumer, to secondary consumer, ending in a tertiary consumer. Producers are heterotrophs and consumers are autotrophs. Biomagnification in how the amount of toxin in an organism will increase as you move up a food chain. For example, a plant might only have a little toxin but an herbivore eats a lot of plants. So, now the herbivore has a medium amount of toxin. A carnivore eats a lot of herbivores and now the carnivore has a high amount of toxin and is sick. The water cycle has five important processes. Evaporation which is water turning into vapor. Condensation and precipitation refer to water vapor turning into liquid or solid water. Subsurface water flow feeds rivers and streams. Surface runoff is water from precipitation gathering in streams. Streamflow moves water from mountains to oceans. Carbon can cycle either quickly or slowly. “Fast” carbon cycling happens in biology.…arrow_forwardTrophic levels Part A) In food chains and webs, what trophic level must you have more of than others. Part B) Each trophic level has how much LESS energy? Part C) Can an organism fill more than one trophic level? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat would happen to an ecosystem if (a) all its decomposers and detritus feeders were eliminated, (b) all of its producers were eliminated, or (c) all of its insects were eliminated? Could an ecosystem exist with producers and decomposers but no consumers? Explain.arrow_forward
- What would happen to an ecosystem if (a) all of its decomposers and detritus feeders were eliminated, (b) all of its producers were eliminated, and (c) all of its insects were eliminated? Could an ecosystem function with only producers and decomposers and no consumers? Explain.arrow_forwardA Food Web om Eage Pythan Wolf Rat Dragonfly Thrush Frog Butterfly Fruit Fly Grasshopper Mangoes Corn A Flowering Plant Lavenders Look at the food web above to answer the following questions. 1. Which organisms are the producers in this food web? 2. Which organism is an example of a primary consumer? 3. Which organism is an example of a tertiary consumer?arrow_forwardRagweed Black-tailed jackrabbit Coyote Deer mouse Grama grass Red-tailed hawk 21 Which of the following energy pyramids best represents the flow of energy in the food web pictured? A Red-tailed hawk Coyote Deer mouse Deer mouse Ragweed Coyote Black-tailed jackrabbit Red-tailed hawk Black-tailed jackrabbit Grama grass Ragweed Grama grass в D Coyote Red-tailed hawk Coyote Grama grass Deer mouse Red-tailed hawk Black-tailed jackrabbit Black-tailed jackrabbit Ragweed Grama grass Ragweedarrow_forward
- The average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is 10%. Use this efficiency to determine how much phytoplankton mass is required to add just 1 gram (0.04 ounce) of new mass to a killer whale, which is a third-level or top carnivore. Create a diagram that summarizes the different trophic levels and the relative size and abundance of organisms at each level. How would your answer change if the efficiency were half the average rate? Twice the average rate?arrow_forwardWhat does the fishing-down-the-food-web hypothesis predict? The lowest landings have the lowest trophic levels The lowest landings have the highest trophic levels None of the options are correct The highest landings have the lowest trophic levels The highest landings have the highest trophic levels In the movie regarding lactose intolerance researchers examine what type of artifacts to determine if milk was in the diets of ancient settlements across Europe and Africa? None of the options are correct Shovels with cow feces DNA Paintings on cave walls Glass cups with milk residue Pottery pots and animal milk fatsarrow_forwardList two ways in which you could apply these concepts : (a) “as energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and webs, the amount of chemical energy available to organisms at each succeeding feeding level decreases” and (b) “matter, in the form of nutrients, cycles within and among ecosystems and the biosphere, and human activities are altering these chemical cycles.” to making your lifestyle more environmentally sustainable.arrow_forward
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