Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 41, Problem 5TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Hemorrhage is the loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel. It may decrease oxygen and nutrient delivery to the cells. Blood volume and blood pressure are closely related and directly proportional to each other. Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped from the heart per minute. Cardiac output or CO is also directly proportional to the blood pressure.
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a person has a resting blood flow of 7.3 L min-1. The volume of the left ventricle is 152 mL and the ejection rate is 76 %. Calculate the heart rate required. Give your answer in beats per min (BPM), rounded to zero decimal places
The solubility of CO2 in blood is about 0.062 mL dL-1 mmHg-1. Arterial blood has a Pa_CO2 = 40 mm Hg and venous blood has PV_CO2 = 46 mm Hg, and cardiac output is 5 L min-1.
A. Calculate the content of dissolved CO2 (in mL dL-1) in arterial and venous blood and how much CO2 is removed from the tissues and delivered to the lungs per minute.
(Hint: CO2 content = solubility of CO2 * PCO2)
(Hint: Rate of CO2 transport = cardiac output * (arterial CO2 content – venous CO2 content)
B. If the volume diffusion rate of CO2 = 200 mL min-1 in the lung, what fraction of the total CO2 removal is accomplished through carrying dissolved CO2?
C. Describe the effects of increased P CO2 and H+ concentration on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. How are these effects adaptive for oxygen unloading in the tissues?
Womersley number (a) of a human aorta is 20 and for the rabbit aorta is 17, the blood density
is approximately the same across the species. The values of viscosity were 0.0035 Ns/m² for the
human and 0.0040 Ns/m² for the rabbit. The diameter of the aorta is 2.0 cm for the man, and
0.7 cm for the rabbit, estimate the heart rate beats per minute (bpm) for both species.
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