Chemistry In Focus
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399692
Author: Tro, Nivaldo J.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 4, Problem 2SC
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason for the statement “F, Cl, Br and I form
Concept Introduction:
In an atom, the nucleus is surrounded by the electron cloud. Electrons are present in an orbit surrounding the nucleus.
Formation of ions occurs when an atom gains or loses electrons. An atom acquires a positive charge when it loses an electron, and acquires a negative charge when it gains an electron.
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Determining whether the formation of an ionic compound is endothermic or exothermic reaction requires
analyzing the individual steps that must occur for the reaction to take place. Which of the following steps is not
necessary to combine barium and chlorine into the compound barium chloride?
Ba) + Cl2 (8) → BaCl,
The compound must be separated into ions.
Ions combine to form compound.
Barium must be ionized.
Chlorine must be ionized.
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Part 1: Nomenclature
What are covalent compounds (molecules)? Give two examples of covalent compounds and their formula.
What are binary ionic compounds (formula units)? Give two examples of binary ionic compounds and their formula
What is the difference between naming of cations with variable charge and compounds with fixed charge? Give two examples of each and their formula
What are polyatomic ions? Give two examples of polyatomic ions and their formula
Give two examples of compounds containing polyatomic ions and their formula
Give an example of names of binary acids (not containing a polyatomic ion) in aqueous solution and its formula.
Give an example of an oxyacid (containing a polyatomic ion) inn aqueous solution and its formula.
Part 2: Structure, Shape and polarity
Draw the Lewis structure of PH3
draw the electronic geometry and name the geometry (hint: very similar to NH3)
draw the molecular geometry and name the…
Why is the formation of solid sodium chloride from solid sodium and gaseous chlorine exothermic, even though it takes more energy to form the Na+ ion than the amount of energy released upon formation of Cl - ?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry In Focus
Ch. 4 - Interpreting Chemical Formulas Determine the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2YTCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3YTCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4YTCh. 4 - Calculating Formula Mass Calculate the formula...Ch. 4 - Using the Molar Mass to Find the Number of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7YTCh. 4 - Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors (Mass to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.9YTCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10YT
Ch. 4 - Using Chemical Equation Coefficients as Conversion...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1SCCh. 4 - Prob. 2SCCh. 4 - Prob. 3SCCh. 4 - Prob. 4SCCh. 4 - The coefficients in the chemical reaction 2A+3B...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6SCCh. 4 - In Chapter 3, we learned that all matter is...Ch. 4 - Name some common everyday compounds.Ch. 4 - Prob. 3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4ECh. 4 - Prob. 5ECh. 4 - Prob. 6ECh. 4 - Prob. 7ECh. 4 - What is the difference between a common name for a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9ECh. 4 - Prob. 10ECh. 4 - Prob. 11ECh. 4 - Prob. 12ECh. 4 - Prob. 13ECh. 4 - Prob. 14ECh. 4 - Why must chemical equations be balanced?Ch. 4 - Explain the numerical relationships inherent in a...Ch. 4 - Chemical Formulas Determine the number of each...Ch. 4 - Determine the number of each type of atom in each...Ch. 4 - Classify each compound as ionic or molecular:...Ch. 4 - Classify each compound as ionic or molecular:...Ch. 4 - Prob. 21ECh. 4 - Prob. 22ECh. 4 - Prob. 23ECh. 4 - Prob. 24ECh. 4 - Prob. 25ECh. 4 - Prob. 26ECh. 4 - Give a chemical formula for each compound: a....Ch. 4 - Give a chemical formula for each compound: a....Ch. 4 - Prob. 29ECh. 4 - Calculate the formula mass for each compound:...Ch. 4 - The formula mass of an unknown compound containing...Ch. 4 - The formula mass of an unknown compound containing...Ch. 4 - Mole Conversions How many moles of CO2 are...Ch. 4 - What is the mass of 2.55 moles of water?Ch. 4 - The active ingredient in aspirin is...Ch. 4 - The active ingredient in Tylenol is acetaminophen...Ch. 4 - Calculate the number of water molecules (H2O) in...Ch. 4 - Acetone (C3H6O) is used as nail polish remover. If...Ch. 4 - Determine the number of sugar molecules in 7.5 g...Ch. 4 - One drop of water from a medicine dropper has a...Ch. 4 - How many chlorine atoms are in each of the...Ch. 4 - How many hydrogen atoms are in each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 43ECh. 4 - Find the number of moles of nitrogen in each of...Ch. 4 - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends...Ch. 4 - The scientific consensus indicates that adults...Ch. 4 - Determine the mass of iron (in kilograms)...Ch. 4 - Determine the mass of carbon (in kilograms)...Ch. 4 - Balancing Chemical Equations Balance each chemical...Ch. 4 - Prob. 50ECh. 4 - Prob. 51ECh. 4 - Prob. 52ECh. 4 - Water can be synthesized according to the...Ch. 4 - Billions of pounds of urea, CO(NH2)2, are produced...Ch. 4 - Prob. 55ECh. 4 - Prob. 56ECh. 4 - Prob. 57ECh. 4 - Prob. 58ECh. 4 - Prob. 61ECh. 4 - For each space-filling molecular model, write a...Ch. 4 - For each chemical reaction, draw in the missing...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What are bus? How are ions formed from atoms? Do isolated atoms form ions spontaneously? To what do the termscationandanionrefer? In terms of subatomic particles, how is an ion related to the atom from which it is formed? Does the nucleus of an atom change when the atom is converted into an ion? How can the periodic table be used to predict what ion an element’s atoms will form?arrow_forwardFill in the blanks in each line of the following table. The first line is already completed as an example.arrow_forwardThe oxyacids containing oxygen (O) and phosphorous (P) are named differently than the oxyanions on which they are based. You have just learned that in general -ite endings are changed to -ous while -ate endings are changed to -ic when naming the acid. However, for the acids of oxyanions based on phosphorus, the root also changes. The roots for the oxyanions and oxyacids of phosphorus are shown below. oxyanion root: phosph oxyacid root: phosphor Although the exception exists for the root, the prefixes and suffixes of these oxyacids still follow the conventions for naming oxyacids. Using the table of oxyanions given in the transition before Part B and the roots shown above, give the name of the oxyacid H3PO4 below. Spell out the full name of the acid.arrow_forward
- 1.How are the atoms in ionic compounds held together? a) The ions in ionic compounds form crystal lattices. Explain what this means. b) How do ionic compounds appear to our eye? Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points? Explain why a salt crystal will shatter if you hit it with a hammer. Explain why ionic compounds will conduct electricity when they dissolve in water.arrow_forwardMagnesium Salicylate is sold as an over - the - counter drug to treat pain and inflammation . If there are two salicylate ions for each Mg ion in the compound , what is the charge on the salicylate ion ? Explain your answer .arrow_forwardAs seen in the table, compounds containing an integer ratio of elements depend on how many cations combine with how many anions to form a stable compound. For example, in table 1, to form a NaCl compound, first Na ionizes from the Na+ cation which is having +1 positive charge, which will lose 1 electron, it is having +1 charge, this electron then goes to Cl and it will change to Cl- anion by gaining the electron, so here 1:1 ratio charge which means 1 Na+ combines with 1 Cl-1 to form NaCl. So here integer ratio is 1:1 for this sodium chloride compound. As listed in table 2, Mg(OH)2, the integer ratio is 1:2 which means, Mg is a neutral atom that loses 2 electrons and forms an Mg+2 cation, which combines with OH which gains 1 electron to form OH- anion, So here Mg2+ can combine with 2 OH- anion, so they both combine to form Mg(OH)2 which has integer ratio as 1:2 . Thus, atom forms as ions by losing or gaining electrons and combines together in whole number ratio to form stable…arrow_forward
- All changes saved 14. Determining whether the formation of an ionic compound is endothermic or exothermic reaction requires analyzing the individual steps that must occur for the reaction to take place. Which of the following steps is not necessary to combine barium and chlorine into the compound barium chloride? 9/21 Ba + Cl2 (e)→ BaCl2 The compound must be separated into ions. Chlorine must be ionized. Ions combine to form Compound. Barlum must be jonized. nd ne PREVIOUS 14 of 25 NEXT SAVE & EXIT hp 大 & back 6 7 8 9. t y karrow_forward9. Which pair of atoms would form an ionic bond? a. bromine and oxygen b. chlorine and lithium c. carbon and nitrogen d. sodium and neon e. copper and chromium 15. Using only the periodic table, place the following atoms in order of increasing atomic radius: C, Ba, 0, Ca, and Ge. 21. What types of elements are bonded together to make an ionic compound? Give three examples of ionic compounds. Identify the types of elements that make up the compound in each example. 27. Describe how the physical state of a substance at room temperature depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces between the particles of the substance.arrow_forwardWhat is the chemical formula for the compound formed between cobalt(III) and the bromate ion? chemical formula: What is the chemical formula for the compound formed between cobalt(III) and the phosphate ion? chemical formula:arrow_forward
- Two simulations that were used are below: This activity is structured as a game, wherein your challenge is to create correct ionic compound formulas by combining individual ions based on their charges. Once you correctly connect the atoms in the interactive website, a common use for that compound will be revealed. In this worksheet, you must record both the correct formula for each of the seven ionic compounds and their common uses as revealed by the interactive program. Throughout the activity, you will have the option of skipping each compound – if you choose to do this, its common use will not be revealed. You must correctly write the formulas and match the common uses. Website for first simulation: https://www.learner.org/wp-content/interactive/periodic/bonding Click “Begin” on the first page you see. For each compound name listed at the top of the interactive, choose the correct cation and anion which you think belong to the formula for that compound. For example:…arrow_forwardTwo simulations that were used are below: This activity is structured as a game, wherein your challenge is to create correct ionic compound formulas by combining individual ions based on their charges. Once you correctly connect the atoms in the interactive website, a common use for that compound will be revealed. In this worksheet, you must record both the correct formula for each of the seven ionic compounds and their common uses as revealed by the interactive program. Throughout the activity, you will have the option of skipping each compound – if you choose to do this, its common use will not be revealed. You must correctly write the formulas and match the common uses. Website for first simulation: https://www.learner.org/wp-content/interactive/periodic/bonding Click “Begin” on the first page you see. For each compound name listed at the top of the interactive, choose the correct cation and anion which you think belong to the formula for that compound. For example:…arrow_forward
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