Physics for Scientists and Engineers
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429281843
Author: Tipler
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 39, Problem 44P
To determine
The speed of the galaxy relative to Earth.
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Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Ch. 39 - Prob. 1PCh. 39 - Prob. 2PCh. 39 - Prob. 3PCh. 39 - Prob. 4PCh. 39 - Prob. 5PCh. 39 - Prob. 6PCh. 39 - Prob. 7PCh. 39 - Prob. 8PCh. 39 - Prob. 9PCh. 39 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 39 - Prob. 11PCh. 39 - Prob. 12PCh. 39 - Prob. 13PCh. 39 - Prob. 14PCh. 39 - Prob. 15PCh. 39 - Prob. 16PCh. 39 - Prob. 17PCh. 39 - Prob. 18PCh. 39 - Prob. 19PCh. 39 - Prob. 20PCh. 39 - Prob. 21PCh. 39 - Prob. 22PCh. 39 - Prob. 23PCh. 39 - Prob. 24PCh. 39 - Prob. 25PCh. 39 - Prob. 26PCh. 39 - Prob. 27PCh. 39 - Prob. 28PCh. 39 - Prob. 29PCh. 39 - Prob. 30PCh. 39 - Prob. 31PCh. 39 - Prob. 32PCh. 39 - Prob. 33PCh. 39 - Prob. 34PCh. 39 - Prob. 35PCh. 39 - Prob. 36PCh. 39 - Prob. 37PCh. 39 - Prob. 38PCh. 39 - Prob. 39PCh. 39 - Prob. 40PCh. 39 - Prob. 41PCh. 39 - Prob. 42PCh. 39 - Prob. 43PCh. 39 - Prob. 44PCh. 39 - Prob. 45PCh. 39 - Prob. 46PCh. 39 - Prob. 47PCh. 39 - Prob. 48PCh. 39 - Prob. 49PCh. 39 - Prob. 50PCh. 39 - Prob. 51PCh. 39 - Prob. 52PCh. 39 - Prob. 53PCh. 39 - Prob. 54PCh. 39 - Prob. 55PCh. 39 - Prob. 56PCh. 39 - Prob. 57PCh. 39 - Prob. 58PCh. 39 - Prob. 59PCh. 39 - Prob. 60P
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- Suppose the primed and laboratory observers want to measure the length of a rod that rests on the ground horizontally in the space between the helicopter and the tower (Fig. 39.8B). To derive the length transformation L = L (Eq. 39.5), we had to assume that the positions of the two ends were determined simultaneously. What happens to the length transformation equation if both observers measure the end below the helicopter at one time t1 and the other end at a later time t2?arrow_forwardA rod moving with a speed v along the horizontal direction is observed to have length and to make an angle with respect to the horizontal as shown in Figure P38.17. (a) Show that the length of the rod as measured by an observer at rest with respect to the rod is p = [1( v2/c2) cos2 ]1/2. (b) Show that the angle p that the rod makes with the x axis according to an observer at rest with respect to the rod can be found from tan p = tan . These results show that the rod is observed to be both contracted and rotated. (Take the lower end of the rod to be at the origin of the coordinate system in which the rod is at rest.)arrow_forwardAn Earth satellite used in the Global Positioning System moves in a circular orbit with period 11 h 58 min. (a) Determine the radius of its orbit. (b) Determine its speed. (c) The satellite contains an oscillator producing the principal nonmilitary GPS signal. Its frequency is 1 575.42 MHz in the reference frame of the satellite. When it is received on the Earths surface, what is the fractional change in this frequency due to time dilation, as described by special relativity? (d) The gravitational blueshift of the frequency according to general relativity is a separate effect. The magnitude of that fractional change is given by ff=Ugmc2 where Ug/m is the change in gravitational potential energy per unit mass between the two points at which the signal is observed. Calculate this fractional change in frequency. (e) What is the overall fractional change in frequency? Superposed on both of these relativistic effects is a Doppler shift that is generally much larger. It can be a redshift or a blueshift, depending on the motion of a particular satellite relative to a GPS receiver (Fig. P1.39).arrow_forward
- Two astronomical events are observed to occur at a time of 0.30 s apart and a distance separation of 2.0109m from each other. How fast must a spacecraft travel from the site of one event toward the other to make the events occur at the same time when measured in the frame of reference of the spacecraft?arrow_forwardA spaceship, 200 m long as. seen on board, moves by the Earth at 0.970c. What is its length as measured by an earthbound observer?arrow_forwardSuppose an astronaut is moving relative to the Earth at a significant fraction of the speed of light. (a) Does he observe the rate of his clocks to have slowed? (b) What change in the rate of Earth-bound clocks does he see? (c) Does his ship seem to him to shorten? (d) What about the distance between stars that lie on lines parallel to his motion? (e) Do he and an Earth-bound observer agree on his velocity relative to the Earth?arrow_forward
- (a) All but the closest galaxies are receding from our own Milky Way Galaxy. If a galaxy 12.0109ly ly away is receding from us at 0. 0.900c, at what velocity relative to us must we send an exploratory probe to approach the other galaxy at 0.990c, as measured from that galaxy? (b) How long will it take the probe to reach the other galaxy as measured from the Earth? You may assume that the velocity of the other galaxy remains constant. (c) How long will it then take for a radio signal to be beamed back? (All of this is possible in principle, but not practical.)arrow_forward(a) How far does the muon in Example 28.1 travel according to the Earth-bound observer? (b) How far does it travel as viewed by an observer moving with it? Base your calculation on its velocity relative to the Earth and the time it lives (proper time). (c) Verity that these two distances are related through length contraction =3.20.arrow_forwardCheck Your Understanding a. A particle travels at 1.90108m/sand lives 2.10108swhen at rest relative to an observer. How long does the particle live as viewed in the laboratory? b. Space craft A and B pass in opposite directions at a relative speed of 4.00107m/s . An internal clock in space craft A causes it to emit a radio signal for 1.00 s. The computer in spacecraft B corrects for the beginning and end of the signal having traveled different distances, to calculate the time interval during which ship A was emitting the signal. What is the time interval that the computer in spacecraft B calculates?arrow_forward
- Owen and Dina are at rest in frame S. which is moving at 0.600c with respect to frame S. They play a game of catch while Ed. at rest in frame S, watches the action (Fig. P39.91). Owen throws the ball to Dina at 0.800c (according to Owen), and their separation (measured in S') is equal to 1.80 1012 m. (a) According to Dina, how fast is the ball moving? (b) According to Dina, what time interval is required for the ball to reach her? According to Ed, (c) how far apart are Owen and Dina, (d) how fast is the ball moving, and (e) what time interval is required for the ball to reach Dina?arrow_forwardIn December 2012, researchers announced the discovery of ultramassive black holes, with masses up to 40 billion times themass of the Sun (seen as the bright spot at the center of the galaxy near the center of Fig. P39.78). a. What is the Schwarz-schild radius of a black hole that has a mass 40 billion times that of the Sun? b. Suppose this black hole is 1.3 billion ly from theEarth. What is the angular radius of a galaxy that is 1.7 billion lybehind it, as viewed from the Earth? FIGURE P39.78arrow_forwardAn observer in a coasting spacecraft moves toward a mirror at speed v relative to the reference frame labeled by S in Figure P26.46. The mirror is stationary with respect to S. A light pulse emitted by the spacecraft travels toward the mirror and is reflected back to the spacecraft. The spacecraft is a distance d from the mirror (as measured by observers in S) at the moment the light pulse leaves the spacecraft. What is the total travel time of the pulse as measured by observers in (a) the S frame and (b) the spacecraft? Figure P26.46arrow_forward
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