Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 36.7, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
The epidemic is a sudden spread of disease in a population with a wide spread of infection rate that affects most of the population within a short period of time. For example, Cholera. The epidemic can be a common source epidemic or propagated epidemic.
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Discuss how the SARS-CoV-2 virus causes Covid-19 disease became a "new" zoonotic disease and has resulted in a "fast" spreading World-Wide Pandemic. how has it evolute as a zoonotic disease, the mechanism of infection in humans, symptoms of disease, treatment and prevention. Describe how to "flatten" the curve and make the epidemic a "slow" epidemic by acting as a "social" vaccine.
5) Consider the following simulation result:
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40
20
0
10
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30
c) When does the epidemic peak?
40
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Time
60
b) What proportion of the population gets infected?
70
a) What model do you think this simulation result is from?
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d) Suppose 3 = 0.005 and y = 0.1. Calculate Ro for this model.
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e) Can you stop the epidemic by adding more people to the population? If so, how many people
would you need to add?
The Zoomland epidemic does not mimic a real epidemic in every respect. What is ONE way the Zoomland epidemic is not an entirely realistic simulation?
A.
In the Zoomland epidemic we could tell who had interacted with whom (contact tracing). In real life there is no way to do any contact tracing.
B.
In the Zoomland epidemic people interacted randomly with others. In real life people interact much more with some members of the population than others.
C.
In the Zoomland epidemic, transmission only occurred when a person came into contact with an infected person AND a suitable vector. In real life some diseases do not require a vector for successful transmission.
Chapter 36 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 36.2 - How might biased data collection impact the public...Ch. 36.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 36.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 1MICh. 36.3 - Prob. 2MICh. 36.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.4 - What are some of the factors in your community...Ch. 36.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.5 - Describe a health-careassociated infection, and...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.7 - What is the Public Health Security and...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1RCCh. 36 - Prob. 2RCCh. 36 - Prob. 3RCCh. 36 - Prob. 4RCCh. 36 - Why is international cooperation a necessity in...Ch. 36 - What common sources of infectious disease are...Ch. 36 - Prob. 3ALCh. 36 - How can changes in herd immunity contribute to an...Ch. 36 - College dormitories are notorious for outbreaks of...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6ALCh. 36 - Prob. 7ALCh. 36 - Prob. 8AL
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- (c) Consider spread of an epidemic of some infectious disease in some spatially distributed population of individuals, e.g. spread of Covid-19, or flu. List characteristics of such epidemic which a bottom up approach to mathematical modeling allows incorporating more realistically, or more easily, than a top down approach.arrow_forwardWhat is a vector? What is a zoonotic pathogen? Example? (ha!)arrow_forwarddiscuss methods used to control vector-borne diseases, specifically mosquitos. 1) Is there one method you think is more beneficial than others when it comes to the controlling and prevention of mosquito-borne diseases? Why/why not? 2) Also, how large do you think is the impact of human environmental change (man's activities) on emerging infectious diseases in animals and man?arrow_forward
- What is disease causation theory? Define personalistic and naturalistic disease causation using films and/or readings.arrow_forwardThe epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak - an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include: A. changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts B. microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment C. environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation D. all of the above E. none of the abovearrow_forwardThe following is an example of what kind of study? Participants are recruited based on exposure status as ascertained through historical records (medical records or other records from the past), disease status is determined after recruitment, and risk of disease among the exposed is then compared with risk in the unexposed. a) Ecological study b) cross-sectional study c) case control study d) cohort study e) randomized control trialarrow_forward
- The epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak – an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include: A. changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts B. microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment C. environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation D. all of the above E. none of the abovearrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion The PPACA has a number of provisions that aim to increase access to care. Which of the following is NOT one of them? Please choose all that apply. Group of answer choices A)HRRP B)Ban discrimination based on preexisting conditions C)Individual mandate D)Medicaid Expansion E)Employer mandatearrow_forwardThe multifactorial causes of diseases often create philosophical problems in epidemiology. How does themultifactorial nature of disease impact:Disease classification, causal inference, and prediction?arrow_forward
- Why is it important to calculate disease rates to report disease outbreaks accurately?arrow_forwardExplain the relationship between the three levels of prevention and the prevalence and/or incidence of a specific disease of your choice in a specific population. What are the health disparities for this disease and population you chose? Which of the three levels of prevention do you think receives the most public attention and resource allocation to address this disease? What do you think the rationale is and why?arrow_forwardThe SIR model for the spread of an infectious disease is used to predict the spread of a disease in a community. The variables are: S: Number of susceptible people, who are currently healthy but could get the disease I: Number f=of infected people Put S horizontally and I vertically. They are related by the following equations. S'=-0.0005SI I'=0.0005SI-0.05I What are the S-nullclines and the I-nullclines?arrow_forward
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