Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 36.5, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Blood pressure is the pressure on blood vessel walls applied by the blood flowing. Most of this stress is due to the heart's function of pumping blood through the circulatory system.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Which of the following statements best describes the differences in the regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction?
The amount of contractile force actively generated by muscle cells is increased by stretch in skeletal muscle and decreased by stretch in cardiac muscle.
Cardiac muscle is stimulated by motor neurons and skeletal muscle by neurones from the autonomic nervous system.
Skeletal muscle contractile force is augmented by increasing the firing frequency of action potentials whereas cardiac muscle contractile force is enhanced by noradrenaline increasing calcium influx through ion channels.
Ryanodine receptors in skeletal muscle are opened by a mechanism that requires calcium influx whereas in cardiac muscle membrane depolarisation alone without calcium influx is sufficient to open ryanodine receptors.
Cycling is a form of exercise known to increase the heart rate. For cycling, four incline levels typically determine how much more intense you would like the workout to be. Level one is a walking pace, two is slightly more difficult, three is like cycling up a hill, and four is the most intense like cycling up a mountain. I will test the heart rate to see how it increases or decreases depending on each incline level. The moderate activity would be levels one and two, while the strenuous activity would be levels three and four.
Before beginning the exercise, I will sit on the bike in a resting position to get my resting heart rate.
Then I will start the stopwatch on the bike that records my cycling time, heart rate, and RPM (revolutions per minute). I will start at level one for five minutes and then record my heart rate after the session.
I will rest for five minutes and then repeat the same process for each incline level (three more times; four in total).
What may be the…
After exercising many of you saw an INCREASE in the amplitude of the pulse transducer suggesting vasodilation in the musculature AND an increase in heart rate. Which of the following combinations or regulatory factors explains this curious (but common) combination of physiological responses.
Sympathetic NS increases vasodilation and increases heart rate
Parasympathetic NS increases vasodilation and increases heart rate
Parasympathetic NS increases vasodilation and sympathetic NS increases heart rate
Local paracrine factors increase vasodilation and Frank-Starling effect increases heart rate
Local paracrine factors increase vasodilation and Sympathetic NS increases heart rate
Chapter 36 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.2 - Which is false? Platelets are nucleated cells that...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.7 - Which of the following statements is false? The...Ch. 36.8 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.8 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.9 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.9 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.9 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.10 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.10 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 36 - Prob. 1TYCh. 36 - Prob. 2TYCh. 36 - Prob. 3TYCh. 36 - Prob. 4TYCh. 36 - Considering blood flow through a closed...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6TYCh. 36 - Prob. 7TYCh. 36 - Prob. 8TYCh. 36 - Prob. 9TYCh. 36 - Prob. 10TYCh. 36 - Discuss the difference between closed and open...Ch. 36 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 36 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 36 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 36 - List the components of the mammalian respiratory...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Caffeine lowers the heart rate by increasing rates of depolarization at the SA node True False Nicotine raises the heart rate because it stimulates the activity of the sympathetic neurons in medulla oblongata True False The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart states that the force of heart contraction is directly proportional to the initial length of the muscle fiber, within optimal limits of length True False If the sarcomeres stretched beyond the optimal length, the force of contraction would go down, but that can potentially happen only during open heart surgery when the heart is not constrained by the pericardium, lungs, ribs and diaphragm. True False It is the Na+ channel-driven spontaneous depolarization that is affected by sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to speed up or slow down the firing rate of the SA node and other conductive cells. True Falsearrow_forwardAn artificial heart works in closed loop by varying its pumping rate according to changes in signals from the recipient's nervous system. For feedback compensation design it is important to know the heart's open-loop transfer function. To identify this transfer function, an artificial heart is implanted in a calf while the main parts of the original heart are left in place. Then the atrial pumping rate in the original heart is measured while step input changes are effected on the artificial heart. It has been found that. in general, the obtained response closely resembles that of a second-order system. In one such experiment it was found that the step response has a %OS = 30% and a time of first peak 7, 127 sec (Nakamura, 2002). Find the corresponding transfer function. Aside from the corresponding transfer function, determine the following as well: delay time, rise time, settling time and steady state error if input is a step response. CO Marrow_forwardWhat are the important differences in the overall metabolic needs of a fish and a turtle and the ability of their circulatory systems to meet those needs? Select all that apply. Fish are less able to meet their metabolic needs than are turtles. Fish have a two-chamber heart (one atrium and one ventricle) and turtles have a three-chambered heart (two atria and one ventricle). Turtles are endothermic and fish are ectothermic Blood flows directly to other organs after being oxygenated in turtles, but return to the heart after being oxygenated in fish. Turtles have a double,-circuit circulatory system whereas fish have a single circulatory system.arrow_forward
- Table 2: Resting and Exercising Cardiac Cycle Length, EDV, and ESV Resting Values Exercising Values Cardiac cycle length (msec) EDV(mL) ESV(mL) Cardiac cycle length (msec) EDV(mL) ESV(mL) Subject 1 839 136 68 452 138 35 Subject 2 831 145 73 392 142 33 Subject 3 855 141 68 414 140 35 Averages 000 Equations (fx) Use these formulas for making your calculations. Round your answer to the nearest tenth. Averages Add the values from the three subjects; divide by three. Your data will not be saved until the table is completely filled in. Table 3: Resting and Exercising HR, SV, and co Resting Values Exercising Values HR (strokes per min) SV (mL) SV(L) co (L/min) HR (strokes per min) sV (mL) SV(L) cO (L/min) Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3 Averages Equations (fx) Use these formulas for making your calculations. Round your answer to the nearest tenth. Averages Add the values from the three subjects; divide by three. Heart Rate HR = 60 (sec/min) x 1000 (msec/sec) /cardiac cycle length (msec); HR is…arrow_forwardWhy is it important that individuals calculate their own target heart rate zone when creating an exercise routine and why should that target zone be re-evaluated over time? The action potential of the squid neuron is an example of how membrane potential in cells are used. true or falsearrow_forwardTable 2: Resting and Exercising Cardiac Cycle Length, EDV, and ESV Resting Values Exercising Values Cardiac cycle length (msec) EDV(mL) ESV(mL) Cardiac cycle length (msec) EDV(mL) ESV(mL) Subject 1 839 136 68 452 138 35 Subject 2 831 145 73 392 142 33 Subject 3 855 141 68 414 140 35 Averages 000 00 Equations (fx) Use these formulas for making your calculations. Round your answer to the nearest tenth. Averages Add the values from the three subjects; divide by three.arrow_forward
- The pressure in the aorta changes throughout the cardiac cycle. During systole, as the heart contracts, the outflux of blood into the aorta causes an increase in pressure, whereas during diastole the pressure decreases as the heart relaxes. A simple model for the aortic pressure waveform is given by the Windkessel effect described by the image below. In this model, the heart is considered a pressure generating pump which is directly connected to an elastic compartment (the aorta), which in turn is connected to a rigid set of peripheral vessels (the hose of the firefighter). 5 Pump Heart Air Windkessel Elastic arteries In order to find the aortic pressure waveform from the Windkessel model, a mass balance formulation around the aorta must be formulated. Coming into the aorta from the heart we have the flowrate Q(t). According to conservation of mass, this inflow rate Q(t) must be equal to the outflow rate into the peripheral vessels and the change in volume of the aorta. To find these…arrow_forward(this is about fitness) Is it necessary to monitor our heart rate during exercise ? Why or why not?arrow_forwardDescrive (in the correct order) the sequence of the blood flow through a four chambered mammalian heart. Be sure to address the following: 1. Begin with the return of oxygen poor blood from the body. 2. Describe the chemical O2/ CO2 and glucose content of the blood in the key locations. 3. Describe the machanisms that regulate the functioning of the system to maintain homeostasis.arrow_forward
- Why would your heart rate increase or decrease to help maintain homeostasis when you exercise?arrow_forwardIn an effort to link cold environments with hypertension in humans, a preliminary experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cold on hypertension in rats. Two random samples of 6 rats each were exposed to different environments. One sample of rats was held in a normal environment at 26°C. The other sample was held in a cold 5°C environment. Blood pressures and heart rates were measured for rats for both groups. The blood pressures for the 12 rats are shown in the table below. Provide a 95% confidence interval on the difference in the two population means. Do the data provide sufficient evidence that rats exposed to a 5°C environment have a higher mean blood pressure than rats exposed to a 26°C environment? Use α = 0.05.arrow_forward* ? Which one is true For few seconds the blood supplies CO2 to cells and picks up 02. For few mints the blood supplies 02 to cells and picks up CO2. For few seconds the blood supplies 02 to cells and picks up CO2. The blood is pumped by contraction of the heart muscle None From left ventricle at pressure of 125 mmHg and finally into very fine meshwork. From right ventricle at pressure of 125 mmHg and finally into very fine meshwork.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Complications during Labour and Delivery; Author: FirstCry Parenting;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnCviG4GpYg;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY