Foundations of Economics (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134486819
Author: Robin Bade, Michael Parkin
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 31, Problem 2SPPA
To determine
To plot:
The short-run
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For each of the following scenarios, illustrate the effects of the development on both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves (SRPC and LRPC, respectively).
1. There is a fall in the natural rate of unemployment.
2. There is a decline in expected inflation.
3. There is a fall in government spending.
4. There is a rise in the price of imported oil.
The corresponding table includes a breakdown including Inflation Rate, Unemployment Rate, Price Level, and Real GDP. Using the data below, plot the graphs:
Plot the short-run Phillips curve and the aggregate supply curve on separate graphs.
Plot the long-run Phillips curve on a separate graph, when the natural unemployment rate is 6%.
Inflation Rate
Unemployment Rate
Price Level
Real GDP
2%
7%
104
9.8
3%
6%
103
10.0
4%
5%
102
10.2
Aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and the Phillips curve
In the year 2027, aggregate demand and aggregate supply in the imaginary country of Daisen-Oki are represented by the curves AD 2027 and AS on the following graph. The price level is currently 102. The graph also shows two potential outcomes for 2028. The first possible aggregate demand curve is given by the curve labeled AD(a) curve, resulting in the outcome given by point A. The second possible aggregate demand curve is given by the curve labeled AD(b), resulting in the outcome given by point B.
Suppose the unemployment rate is 7% under one of these two outcomes and 6% under the other. Based on the previous graph, you would expect (OUTCOME A or OUTCOME B) to be associated with the higher unemployment rate (7%).
If aggregate demand is high in 2028, and the economy is at outcome B, the inflation rate between 2027 and 2028 is (1.96% or 5.00% or 4.00% or 2.94%).
Based on your answers to the previous…
Chapter 31 Solutions
Foundations of Economics (8th Edition)
Ch. 31 - Prob. 1SPPACh. 31 - Prob. 2SPPACh. 31 - Prob. 3SPPACh. 31 - Prob. 4SPPACh. 31 - Prob. 5SPPACh. 31 - Prob. 6SPPACh. 31 - Prob. 7SPPACh. 31 - Prob. 8SPPACh. 31 - Prob. 9SPPACh. 31 - Prob. 10SPPA
Ch. 31 - Prob. 11SPPACh. 31 - Prob. 1IAPACh. 31 - Prob. 2IAPACh. 31 - Prob. 3IAPACh. 31 - Prob. 4IAPACh. 31 - Prob. 5IAPACh. 31 - Prob. 6IAPACh. 31 - Prob. 7IAPACh. 31 - Prob. 8IAPACh. 31 - Prob. 9IAPACh. 31 - Prob. 10IAPACh. 31 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 31 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 31 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 31 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 31 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 31 - Prob. 6MCQ
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- You observe the following short-run Phillips curve for the economy: T = 9.2 -0.26(u - 6.5%) + v. There are no supply shocks to the economy, and the actual unemployment rate is 6.5% (and will stay that way for the foreseeable future). What will expected inflation be next year? Write your answer as a percentage, and round at one (1) decimal. Do not write the percentage sign. If you need more information to answer the question, write "O".arrow_forwardConsider a typical downward sloping short run Phillips curve. Which combination of events could cause 1) a movement along the particular short run Phillips curve (SRPC) to the "south-east" and then followed by 2) a leftward shift of the entire SRPC? Group of answer choices a)Decrease in government spending followed by a rightward shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve. b) Increase in money supply followed by a rightward shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve. c)Decrease in government spending followed by a leftward shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve. d)Increase in government spending followed by a rightward shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve.arrow_forwardQuestion 3 Suppose inflation over the next year is expected to be 5%, and assume there are no supply shocks. What rate of inflation will the short-run Phillips curve show at the natural rate of unemployment? 0% b) Between 0% and 5% c) 5% d) Over 5% Question 4 Which of the following explains why the long-run Phillips curve is drawn as a vertical line? a) Because in the long run, government policies will ensure that unemployment is at its natural rate. b) Because in the long run, the labour market will settle so that unemployment is at its natural rate. Because of the quantity theory of money. d) Because its true shape is unknown. Question 5 Which of the following might shift the short-run Phillips curve to the left? 8) A rise in the expected rate of inflation. b) A natural disaster which temporarily disrupts production. c) A rise in the benefits paid to unemployed people. d) An increase in the labour force.arrow_forward
- The axes below are for showing the Phillips curve model. The Phillips curve shows the trade off between (Select one: unemployment and economic growth/inflation and interest rates/ unemployment and inflation/ real GDP and the price level/ exports and imports/ wages and productivity) The long run Phillips curve would most likely go through points (Select one: ADF/ BEG/ DG/ ABC/ CE) Suppose that both axes are numbered 0 to 10. In June 2006 the NZ economy was most likely at about point (Select one: A/B/C/D/E/F/G). Following the global financial crisis, by June 2010 the NZ economy was most likely at approximately point (Select one: A/B/C/D/E/F/G) The key idea behind the long run Phillips curve is that (Select one below) 1. there is a long term trade off between the two variables on the axes but no short run trade off 2. in the short run lower values of the x-axis variable can be achieved at the expense of higher values of the y-axis variable 3. there is no long run trade off at all…arrow_forwardFor each of the following scenarios, illustrate the effects of the development on both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves (SRPC and LRPC, respectively). (Please use the image attached) 1. There is a rise in the price of imported oil. 2. There is a fall in government spending.arrow_forwardINFLATION RATE (Percent) 1 2 5. Expectations and the Phillips curve The following graph shows an economy in long-run equilibrium at point A (grey star symbol). The vertical line is the long-run Phillips curve (LRPC). The downward-sloping curve labeled SRPC is the short-run Phillips curve passing through point A. SRPC LRPC 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (Percent) Which of the following is true along SRPC? O The expected inflation rate is 5%. The natural rate of unemployment is 3%. The actual unemployment rate is 6%. • } - * SRPC2 ㄢ C (?) Suppose that the Fed suddenly and unexpectedly decreases the money supply in an effort to reduce inflation. As a result of this unanticipated action, actual inflation falls to 3%. On the previous graph, use the black point (plus symbol) to illustrate the short-run effects of this policy. Now, suppose that-after a period of 3% inflation-households and firms begin to expect that the inflation rate will continue to be 3%. On the previous graph, use…arrow_forward
- Step 1 Plot the graphs. The corresponding table includes a breakdown including Inflation Rate, Unemployment Rate, Price Level, and Real GDP. Using the data below, plot the graphs: Plot the short-run Phillips curve and the aggregate supply curve on separate graphs. Plot the long-run Phillips curve on a separate graph, when the natural unemployment rate is 6%. Inflation Rate Unemployment Rate Price Level Real GD 2% 7% 104 9.8 3% 6% 103 10.0 4% 5% 102 10.2arrow_forwardThe table below shows unemployment and inflation data in Country Y after a shift in aggregate demand. Period 2021 2022 Unemployment Rate 2% 5% Inflation Rate 8% 4% A. Draw a correctly labeled graph of the short run Phillips Curve for Country Y. Show the actual unemployment and inflation rate for both years. Label the Phillips Curve as SRPC. B. Now, the short run aggregate supply curve has shifted left. i. Identify one cause that would shift short run aggregate supply to the left. ii. On your graph in Part A, show how this shift would impact the short run Phillips Curve.arrow_forwardQuestion 2. the Phillips curve. In an economy, inflation was expected to be 3% and was in fact 5%. The labor force is N=13. The labor market experiences a movement from Eo to E₁. Where Eo had been taking place without policies and shocks. wage w rates. Wo=3.33 W₁=3.12 Answers provided. 2. (a) 14.6, 2.3 W=MPL Eo (b) Graph the classical Phillips curve. Show the natural rate and the current rate of unemployment and the relevant inflation I L Lo=11.1 w(EP/P,L) E₁₂ (a) Find the natural and the current rate of unemployment. w(EP/P,L) jobs L rates. (c) Graph the accelerationist Phillips curve. Show the natural rate and the current rate of unemployment and the relevant inflation (d) Give an example of a policy that could indirectly lead to this outcome. Be specific about its domain (who is responsible for enacting it) and direction. Explain why the policy will affect the labor market only indirectly.arrow_forward
- The Phillips curve represents the relationship between unemployment and inflation. You are required to think about the impact on the economy of movements along the curve. If the unemployment rate in the economy is steady at 4 percent per year, how does the short-run Phillips curve predict that the inflation rate will be changing, if at all? What will happen if the unemployment rate now rises to 7 percent per year? Assume there are no changes to inflation expectations. Provide an appropriate graph to support your discussion.arrow_forwardConsider the Phillips curves depicted in the graph above. The Fed announces its intention to decrease inflation from 10 percent to 5 percent per year, and it succeeds. If expectations of inflation are not altered by the Fed's announcement, the rate of unemployment will be ________ in the short run. a)less than 5.5 percent b)5.5 percent c)between 5.5 and 7.5 percent d)7.5 percentarrow_forwardAn economy is currently in a recession. (a) Draw a single correctly labeled graph with both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves. Label the current short-run equilibrium as point X. (b) Is the expected inflation rate greater than, less than, or equal to the actual inflation rate? (c) Will borrowers on fixed-rate loans benefit from the situation that you identified in part (b)? Explain. (d) Assume the government budget is balanced. In the absence of any discretionary policy action, will the government budget move into surplus, deficit, or remain in balance? Explain. (e) On your graph in part (a), show how the economy will adjust in the long run in the absence of any discretionary policy action. (f) Now assume instead the government increases spending without changing taxes to close the recessionary gap. What effect will this policy have on the national debt? (g) Draw a correctly labeled graph of the loanable funds market and show the effect of the change in the national debt…arrow_forward
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