Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 5AYKB
Explain how buffer systems in the body work if the pH of body fluids increases. Is this an example of a negative or a positive feedback loop? Explain. (Connects to Chapter 1)
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The Respiratory System and Urinary System work hand-in-hand to maintain blood pH. Depending upon the cause, each system will utilize mechanisms to increase or decrease pH levels. Sometimes, one system works sufficiently to alleviate the acidosis or alkalosis. At other times, both systems will work together to bring pH levels within normal range. Compensation is the term used to describe how one
system assists the other in normalizing blood plasma pH.
Respiratory compensation works quickly, using brainstem respiratory centers to eliminate or retain CO2
levels in the blood and works more quickly. Renal compensation takes more time, changes HCO3- levels
and generally has a greater ability to restore normal pH values.
Based on the information given for each of the cases below, indicate whether there is an alkalosis or acidosis present. Assume that appropriate time has lapsed to cause the lab results
listed.
1. For each case, indicate whether the cause is…
When a dehydrated human patient needs to be given fluids intravenously, he or she is given: a. water, which is hypotonic with respect to body fluids b. saline at a concentration that is isotonic with respect to body fluids c. glucose because it is a non-electrolyte d. blood
Water concentration in the body is critical for proper functioning. A person’s body retains very tight control on water levels without conscious control by the person. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/H2Ocon) to learn more about water concentration in the body. Which organ has primary control over the amount of water in the body?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 3.1 - What are the general functions of cells?
Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 3.1 - Where are intracellular and extracellular fluids...Ch. 3.2 - How do the phospholipids arrange themselves in the...Ch. 3.2 - 2. How is the plasma membrane described according...Ch. 3.2 - List five functions of membrane proteins.Ch. 3.2 - What roles do cholesterol, glycoproteins, and...Ch. 3.3 - The energy for passive processes comes from the...Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - Simple diffusion is a passive process, but...
Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - How does the process of primary active transport...Ch. 3.3 - What is the main primary active transport pump in...Ch. 3.3 - Describe the process of secondary active...Ch. 3.3 - What are the three types of endocytosis, and how...Ch. 3.3 - Explain the basic process of exocytosis.Ch. 3.4 - 1. Identify the properties listed in the next...Ch. 3.4 - Identify the following properties as belonging to...Ch. 3.4 - To what destinations can products from the Golgi...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 3.6 - 1. What are the main components of the nucleus?...Ch. 3.6 - What is chromatin? How are chromatin and...Ch. 3.6 - 3. What is a nucleolus, and what is its...Ch. 3.7 - How is a codon related to a triplet?Ch. 3.7 - 2. Describe the basic steps of transcription.
Ch. 3.7 - Explain how tRNA acts as the translator of the...Ch. 3.7 - Describe the basic steps of translation.Ch. 3.7 - 5. Why is posttranslational modification...Ch. 3.7 - 6. Why is it important to regulate gene...Ch. 3.8 - What happens during each stage of the cell cycle?Ch. 3.8 - What does semiconservative replication mean?Ch. 3.8 - Describe the changes in the cell that take place...Ch. 3.8 - What are four external factors that play a role in...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not a basic function...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2CYRCh. 3 - What are the two fluid compartments in the body,...Ch. 3 - 4. Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 3 - Mark the following statements about the plasma...Ch. 3 - 6. What is the primary difference between active...Ch. 3 - 7. Match the term with its appropriate...Ch. 3 - 8. Fill in the blanks: A hypotonic solution will...Ch. 3 - 9. Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 3 - Mark the following statements about the...Ch. 3 - 12. Our somatic cells’ DNA is distributed among...Ch. 3 - Explain how and why chromatin is condensed in the...Ch. 3 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements about protein...Ch. 3 - Number the following steps of protein synthesis in...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?...Ch. 3 - 18. Why is regulation of the cell cycle...Ch. 3 - 19. Mark the following statements about the cell...Ch. 3 - 20. Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 3 - 1. Write a single sentence, using no more than 25...Ch. 3 - 2. Certain diseases are transmitted via...Ch. 3 - 3. Explain how the form of each of the following...Ch. 3 - Certain types of cancerous lung tumors can secrete...Ch. 3 - Why do you think the rate of cell division is...Ch. 3 - 1. A patient is admitted to the hospital and...Ch. 3 - A popular science fiction program once had an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 3 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 3 - 5. Explain how buffer systems in the body work if...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Solutions conduct electricity, if there are charged particles or ions present. Our body contains ions, too. Thus, solution containing ions are called electrolytes. Why do you feel thirsty after playing or working outside? Sometimes, you suffer from cramps or headaches, in extreme cases, you may even experience vomiting and nausea. These are symptoms of electrolyte imbalance in the body. Suggest ways or recommendations that can be given to a person who experience electrolyte imbalance.arrow_forwardA "red-hot" bacteria infection of the intestinal tract irritates cell and interface with digestion. Such a condition is often accompanied by diarrhea, which causes loss of body water. On the basis of what you have learned about osmotic water flows, explain why diarrhea my occur.arrow_forwardA patient is experiencing increased blood pressure. How would this effect the blood entering the glomerulus and on urination? an increase in filtration and increase in urine output a decrease in filtration and decrease in urine output an increase in filtration and decrease in urine output a decrease in filtration and increase in urine outputarrow_forward
- An American woman, Jennifer Strange, died in 2007 after competing in a water-drinking contest. She drank six liters of water in three hours in a radio station's contest titled "Hold Your Wee for a Wii (Nintendo Game Console)." After the event, she vomited, experienced a terrible headache, and died due to water intoxication. Studies show that drinking too much water can be detrimental to one's health as much as drinking too little. Explain how can drinking too much water be harmful.arrow_forwardDescribe the feedback process that would occur if you drank far more water than your body needed.arrow_forwardAppropriate water balance in our body is important to support vital functions. As a nutritionist or dietitian who works with the community health clinics and hospitals, discuss in detail how water balance can be achieved if you were assigned to give a talk on the importance of fluids in human body.arrow_forward
- You said that "Exposure to an extremely salty environment, on the other hand, could potentially harm them by disrupting their internal environment and causing dehydration or an ion imbalance." I can't seem to find this anywhere do you have a research paper or source to show this? Thanks for your time and help I appreiate itarrow_forwardIt is important to maintain optimal pH in the extracellular fluid otherwise illness and death can occur. Explain the mechanisms via which a pH level outside of homeostatic range negatively affects body function.arrow_forwardIn general terms, explain the role in insects of the malpighian tubules and rectum in conserving water, ions, and amino acids and removing nitrogen waste.arrow_forward
- If a marathon runner drinks only water for hydration during and after the race, without also replacing sodium, what can happen? Question 10 options: Their cells can shrink from dehydration. They can develop high blood sodium, or hypernatremia. Their cells can swell, causing accumulation of fluid in the lungs and brain and potentially leading to life-threatening conditions such as seizure, coma, and death.arrow_forwardIn a hot, dry desert a person can lose lots of water through sweating, but show no visible signs of sweating. One problem is that people may not realize how much water they are losing through sweating. Why is it important to drink plenty of water under hot, dry desert conditions even when you do not feel like or realize you are sweating much? Beside dehydration, you should explain why the human body will overheat if unable to sweat under very hot and dry conditions.arrow_forwardImagine a saltwater fish is placed into freshwater. What would happen on a cellular level? How are fish like salmon, who spend the first part of their life in the ocean and then travel to freshwater to spawn, able to overcome potential physiological consequences? Describe three adaptations salmon use to overcome the salinity changes encountered.arrow_forward
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