Macroeconomics (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393603767
Author: Charles I. Jones
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 3, Problem 3RQ
To determine
Explain the situation changes in recent centuries.
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Use an appropriate diagram, with exponential growth of population and linear growth of food, to demonstrate the Malthusian theory in each of the following scenarios. In particular, assume a Malthusian world, and explain the effect on per-capita wealth over time. In your diagram, ‘Time’ should be on the horizontal axis and ‘Quantity’ should be on the vertical axis. Explain your reasoning in each case.
Go to a recent issue of The Economist magazine. In the back of each issue is a section called “economic indicators.” That section lists the most recent growth data for a substantial number of countries. Which countries around the world are growing most rapidly according to the most recent data? Which countries around the world are growing more slowly? Flip through the stories in The Economist to see if there is any explanation for the pattern that you observe. Write a brief essay on current general economic conditions around the world.
GDP per capita in the United States was approximately $63,000 in 2020. Use the growth formula (see below) to answer the following questions:
Growth formula: (future value) = (present value) × (1 + r)t
present value = this year's GDP per capita
future value = GDP per capita in the future
r = rate of growth (in decimal form) per year
What will GDP per capita be in the year 2025 if it grows each year by 2.5 percent?
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Macroeconomics (Fourth Edition)
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- The horizontal axis of the figure below shows log of real personal income per person in 1880 for 47 U.S. states. The vertical axis shows the average annual growth rate of real personal income per capita for each state from 1880 to 2000. The two-letter abbreviation identifies the state. The solid line is the straight line that provides the best fit to the relation between the growth rate of income per person and the level of income per person in 1880. Based on this figure, discuss whether the U.S. states do or do not exhibit convergence. Explain.arrow_forwardWhat has been the average annual growth rate of U.S. real GDP per person over the 120 years from 1900 to 2020? In which decade, beginning with the 1960s, was the growth of potential GDP per person greatest and slowest? Over the 120 years from 1900 to 2020, the average annual growth rate of U.S. real GDP per person is enter your response here percent.arrow_forwardThe determinants of productivity Consider a simple economy whose only industry is fishing. In this industry, productivity—the amount of goods and services a worker can produce per hour—is measured by the number of fish one fisherman catches per hour. In the following table, match each example to the productivity determinant it represents. Examples Human Capital per Worker Natural Resources per Worker Physical Capital per Worker Technological Knowledge The fertile waters in which the fish feed and breed An advanced mapping system that determines the likelihood of finding fish schools in different depths and locations The skills workers develop through training before working on and piloting boats The boats in the fishing fleetarrow_forward
- You were discussing the growth models with your friend Gaston during spring break. He summarized that the basic difference between the Solow model and the Romer model is that the Solow model suffers from diminishing returns-each additional unit of capital has less benefit than the previous unit. The Romer model doesn't have the same problem as labor used to generate new ideas doesn't have diminishing returns. He hypothesizes that if you changed the law of motion to At+1 = At + zol1/2A; that now the Romer model has diminishing returns to labor and will reach a steady state where growth is zero. Is he right?arrow_forwardConsider an economy with a Cobb-Douglas production function with α = 1/3 that begins in steady state with a growth rate of technological progress of g of 2 percent. Consider what happens when g increases to 3 percent. (a) What is the growth rate of output per worker before the change? What happens to this growth rate in the long run? (b) Perform a growth accounting exercise for the economy, decomposing the growth rate in output per capita into components contributed by capital per capita growth and technology growth. What is the contribution of the change in g to output per capita growth according to this formula? (c) In what sense is the growth accounting result in part b producing a misleading picture of this experiment? Explain why this is the case.arrow_forwardDoes the relative durations of expansions and recessions help explain the fact that long-term economic growth has been positive?arrow_forward
- Productivity growth measures increase in output per hour of work. Output per hour was 54.0 in the first quarter of 1973, 75.4 in the first quarter of 1996, and 111.0 in the first quarter of 2010 (2005 = 100). Calculate the average annual rates of productivity growth between 1973 and 1996 and between 1996 and 2010. Using your answers, explain during which of these two periods living standards rose more quickly.arrow_forwardThe following table reports real GDP per person for several different economies in the years 1960 and 2010. It also gives each economy's average annual growth rate during this period. For example, real GDP per person in the Central African Republic was $1,010 in 1960, and it actually declined to $628 by 2010. The Central African Republic's average annual growth rate during this period was -0.95%, and it was the poorest economy in the table in the year 2010. The real GDP-per-person figures are denominated in U.S. dollars with a base year of 2005. The following exercises will help you to understand the different growth experiences of these economies.arrow_forwardThe following table shows real GDP per capita for Canada, South Korea, and Uganda between 1970 and 2000. All figures are in 1998 U.S. dollars. The (decade-long) economic growth rate for Canada is shown in the second column. For example, from 1970 to 1980, Canada's GDP grew from $12,717 to $16,731, an increase of $16,731−$12,717$12,717=32%$16,731−$12,717$12,717=32%. Use this method to fill in the growth rates for South Korea and Uganda. Canada South Korea Uganda Year Real GDP per Capita Growth Rate Real GDP per Capita Growth Rate Real GDP per Capita Growth Rate 1970 $12,717 $1,886 $190 1980 $16,731 32% $3,262 $182 1990 $19,540 17% $6,615 $176 2000 $23,156 19% $10,807 $247 Source: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 1.Compare the data for Canada and South Korea between 1970 and 1980. During this period, (south korea or canda?) had a higher level of real GDP per capita, while ( South Korea or…arrow_forward
- For a high-income economy like Australia, what aggregate production function elements are most important in bringing about growth in GDP per capita? What about a middleincome country such as India? A low-income country such as Afghanistan?arrow_forwardAssume an economy has grown by 8% per year over the past 20 years. During the same period, the labour force has grown by 2% per year and the quantity of physical capital has grown by 4% per year. Each 1% increase in physical capital per worker is estimated to increase productivity by 0.33%. Assume that human capital has not changed during the past 30 years. What is the growth rate in Physical Capital per worker over this time period? What is the growth rate in output per worker over this time period? How much has technological progress contributed to productivity growth?arrow_forwardWhy economic growth is one of the goals of macroeconomics?arrow_forward
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