Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Question
Chapter 25.3, Problem 4TC
Summary Introduction
To discuss:
The repeated evolution of flightlessness among birds.
Introduction:
The birds have the ability to fly. The flight offers some great advantages to birds over other animals, such as searching for food, escaping from predators, and many more.
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What type of evolution does a bird have? Divergent, Convergent, or Parallel?
Flight in birds developed over time due to multiple evolutionary steps. The development of feathers, hollow bones, large flight muscles, and efficient gas exchange was vital for flight. Describe the order in which these adaptations likely evolved and explain your reasoning.
Flight in birds developed over time as a result of multiple evolutionary steps. The development of feathers, hollow bones, large flight muscles, and efficient gas exchange were all vital for flight. Describe the order in which these adaptations likely evolved and explain your reasoning.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 25.1 - describe the features that distinguish chordates...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 25.2 - name and describe the chordates that are not...Ch. 25.2 - name and describe the craniates that are not...Ch. 25.2 - describe the key adaptations of vertebrates?Ch. 25.3 - Most sharks avoid humans, but large sharks of some...Ch. 25.3 - With regard to water regulation (maintaining the...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 25.3 - Consider the graph shown in Figure E25-2. Imagine...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 4TC
Ch. 25.3 - describe the key features of lampreys,...Ch. 25.3 - name and describe the main subgroups included...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 1CTCh. 25 - The two groups of mammals with the largest number...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2MCCh. 25 - Prob. 3MCCh. 25 - Prob. 4MCCh. 25 - Prob. 5MCCh. 25 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 25 - Briefly describe each of the following...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2RQCh. 25 - List four distinguishing features of chordates.Ch. 25 - Prob. 4RQCh. 25 - List the adaptations that distinguish reptiles...Ch. 25 - Prob. 6RQCh. 25 - Prob. 7RQCh. 25 - Prob. 1ACCh. 25 - Prob. 2AC
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- What is a plausible scenario for evolution of wings and flying insects?arrow_forwardWhich well-known group is ancestral to all living birds? What evidence in the fossil record supports this conclusion?arrow_forwardWhat evidence is there that the 15 species of finch all evolved from one common ancestor? DNA analysis shows that their DNA is almost identical with only minor changes. Scientists have been studying them since Darwin in 1835 and have watched them evolve. Observation of all 15 species shows that they look incredibly similar, with minor changes to beak size and shape. These 15 species are found nowhere else in the world, and the islands are located close enough to the mainland for birds to migrate.arrow_forward
- Is this evolutionary conservation of the pecten structure evidence that natural selection might be maintaining the pecten in its present form in many bird species? Is this theory one that suggests the pecten has a significant adaptive function in birds? Do you believe that experiments might be useful in determining the adaptive function of the pecten if it indeed serves an adaptive function? Outline a simple experiment to see whether the presence of a pecten in the bird's eye is an adaptation.arrow_forwardFlightless birds on island often have relative on the mainland that can fly. The island species presumably evolved from fliers that, in the absences of predators, lost their ability to fly. Many island population of flightless birds are in decline because rats have been introduced to their previously isolated island habits. Despite current selection pressure in favor of flight, no flightless island bird species has regained the ability to fly. Why is this unlikely to happen?arrow_forwardKettlewell's experiment is included in most biology texts as an example of evolution How do we know that the moths evolved?arrow_forward
- What is migration? Why do animals show this phenomenon?arrow_forwardIf you were to create an evolutionary tree of modern birds, where would you expect to place the roadrunner (judging by its appearance in this figure) as compared to a house sparrow or pigeon?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is probably the best explanation for the fact that Antarctic penguins cannot fly, although there is evidence that millions of years ago their ancestors could do so? Group of answer choices Penguins live on land and feed in the water; therefore they have no need to fly. The Antarctic home of penguins is flat and barren; therefore there is no place to fly. Ancestral penguins did not use their wings for long periods of time; therefore today’s penguins have only tiny, nonfunctional wings. Ancestral penguins without large wings were better able to swim and feed in the water; therefore they passed their genes for shorter wings structure onto their offspring.arrow_forward
- One of Darwin’s finches, the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis), is found on the small island of Daphne Major. These finches are seedeating birds. A major drought occurred on the island in 1977. Following the drought, the average beak size of medium ground finches had increased about 3%–4%. Why might a drought lead to an evolutionary change in beak size? Propose a hypothesis and explain how you could go about testing it.arrow_forwardWhich of the following passages inaccurately describes the evolutionary process? Wings are a highly valuable structure for any species as they increase survivorship and dispersal capabilities. Insect wings are hypothesized to have evolved from dorsal extensions from their thorax that, over generations, were selected for as they helped to absorb solar energy, aiding in thermoregulation. AS mutations continued to accrue, muscles attached to those flaps, making them more motile, and uitimately setting the foundation for wingS. Mammals have three ossicles, or tiny bones, in their middle ear that aid the hearing: the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The stapes is the oldest of the three bones, having evolved from the pharyngeal arch ll, called the hyoid arch. We know it's the oldest as it is found in tetrapods (the columella) and in some more recently evolved fish. The malleus and incus evolved from bones of their ancestral mammal-like reptiles jaws, the articular and the quadrate…arrow_forwardHuman embryos have tails which become tail bones before birth. Tails also appear in fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals Humans also have hair and produce milk to nourish the young, which is unique to mammals. What does this indicate? a close evolutionary connection between humans and many other mammals a very distant evolutionary connection between humans and many other mammals a very distant evolutionary connection between humans and many other reptiles a close evolutionary connection between humans and many other reptilesarrow_forward
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