Concept explainers
To discuss:
Effects of the aldosterone, natriuretic peptides, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and calcitriol on the nephron function.
Introduction:
In the whole of the glomerular filtrate, about 65% are reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule. The proximal convoluted tubule removes wastes present in the blood and excretes them through the urine. Due to the presence of microvilli (its greater length), the proximal convoluted tubule has the benefits of increasing its surface area for absorption. Proximal convoluted tubule cells are equipped with a rich source of large mitochondria that produce ATP, which supports active transport. Of all the calories that are consumed in a day, only 6% of ATP is needed by the proximal convoluted tubule.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology
- For each hormone: Identify the molecule or ion, the process (reabsorb or secrete) and the location(s) in the nephron where these hormones exert their actions. Aldosterone ADH PTHarrow_forwardMany systems of the body work together to achieve homeostasis. Identify ONE part of the nephron that interacts with the endocrine system, and explain how these 2 systems work together to maintain osmoregulationarrow_forwardName and define the roles of other hormones that regulate kidney control, what effect do diuretics have on fluid retention and loss? Explain why the differential permeability or impermeability of specific sections of the nephron tubules is necessary for urine formationarrow_forward
- Sodium ion reabsorption from the filtrate into peritubular blood across the cells of this component of the nephron (marked by the black asterisk) Choose from the following: (A) is regulated by the binding of the hormone aldosterone (B) is not regulated by any hormone, but is determined by sodium ion concentration and filtrate flowarrow_forwardTrue or false When a substance gets actively reabsorbed, ATP is spent to power the movement of that substance without any carrier molecule from the nephron back into the blood stream. (explain why)arrow_forwardTreatment of hypo- of potassiumarrow_forward
- Atrial natriuretic peptide lowers blood pressure by increasing sodium reabsorption decreasing sodium reabsorption increasing sodium secretionarrow_forwardHow the kidneys metabolize carbohydrates, lipids, ans proteins and the effects that these three micromolecules have on renal functions. Examine how the gross and histological structure of the kidney facilitates urine production during 1) glomerular filtration, 2) tubular reabsorption, and 3) tubular secretion.arrow_forwardDescribe the effects of aldosterone on the renal nephrons and explain how aldosterone secretion is regulated.arrow_forward
- In the proximal tubule, the reabsorption of Na+, amino acids, and glucose causes (before water moves): Decreased osmolarity of the tubular fluid but increased osmolarity of the interstitial fluid Decreased osmolarity of the tubular fluid and interstitial fluid O Increased osmolarity of the tubular fluid but decreased osmolarity of the interstitial fluid O Increased osmolarity of the tubular fluid and the interstitial fluid No changes in osmolarityarrow_forwardtrue or false Aldosterone is required to restore water from loop of Henle, and reabsorption of Na+ from this segment is increased by ADH, allowing equilibration of water with the hyperosmotic interstitiumarrow_forwardThe reabsorption of water, Cl–, and glucose by the PCT islinked to the reabsorption of Na+, but in three very different ways. Contrast these three mechanismsarrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningUnderstanding Health Insurance: A Guide to Billin...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337679480Author:GREENPublisher:CengageHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning