Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 23, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A series of experiments were performed by Ole Seehausen and Jacques Van Alphen in 1998 to investigate the complex nature of sexual selection in a population of fish. They performed experiments in a population that ranged from light shade of white to darker shades of green. When light-colored sandy and dark vegetation are included in the environment, both light and dark colored members were able to survive.
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Ina population of birds, the average beak size is selected against and the largeand small sized beaks are selected for. This is an example of:a.directional selection.b.disruptive selection.c.stabilizing selection.d.natural selection.e.balanced polymorphism.
Check all of the following that are true:
a.
Mutation alone is a weak force of evolution.
b.
Only small populations evolve by genetic drift.
c.
Selection is always the strongest force of evolution a population can experience.
d.
Overdominance occurs when there is disruptive selection favoring the homozygotes.
e.
It is easier to purge a population of dominant deleterious alleles compared to recessive deleterious alleles.
f.
Populations may change a lot or a little when migration occurs depending on how different the populations are.
g.
Nonrandom mating in the form of inbreeding is not considered a true evolutionary force.
h.
Drift and migration can offset or counterbalance the effects of selection in a population.
What is neutral evolution?
A. When certain genes are present or absent in populations regardless of selection (they are not advantageous or disadvantageous).
B. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to sexual selection (they are selected for by the opposite sex).
C. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to natural selection (they are advantageous or disadvantageous).
D. Neutral evolution does not exist.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1EQCh. 23.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3EQCh. 23.4 - Genetic Drift Concept Check: How does the...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CS
Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23 - Population geneticists are interested in the...Ch. 23 - The Hardy-Weinberg equation characterizes the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 3TYCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYCh. 23 - Prob. 5TYCh. 23 - Prob. 6TYCh. 23 - Prob. 7TYCh. 23 - Prob. 8TYCh. 23 - Kimuras proposal regarding neutral variation...Ch. 23 - Populations that experience inbreeding may also...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1CQCh. 23 - Prob. 2CQCh. 23 - Prob. 3CQCh. 23 - Antibiotics are commonly used to combat bacterial...Ch. 23 - Discuss die similarities and differences among...
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- Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding the neutral-mutation explanation for the high levels of genetic variation? A. Most genetic variation observed is adaptively neutral. B. Natural selection plays a lesser role in maintaining genetic variation. C. When natural selection occurs it leads to a decrease in genetic variation. D. Genetic variation is maintained mainly via the random effects of genetic drift.arrow_forwardAs a mechanism of evolution, natural selection can be most closely equated with a. random mating. b. genetic drift. c. unequal reproductive success. d. gene flow.arrow_forwardEnvironments all over the world are changing as a result of global warming. Will this cause natural selection to occur? A. No.The environment is always changing. Global warming is nothing new. B. Yes, warmer temperatures will induce mutations that are favorable to survial in the new teperature regime C. No. The only change will be that species from hot environments will expand their ranges. D. Yes. Traits that help individuals produce more offspring in warmer environments will increase in frequency. E. Yes. Warmer temperatures will increase the rate of chemical reactions in poikilothemic species and thus natural selection will be enhanced.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statement about the outcome of the evolution of a new species through hybridization is false? a.The new species may have traits that allow it to inhibit environments different from both parental species. b.The new species is always an intermediate of the two parental species c.The new species may have greater genetic diversity and greater trait diversity than the parental species. d.None of the above What are the two ways of looking into evolution in detail? a.Micro frequency change and ascent with modification b.Genotypic and phenotypic modification c.DNA frequency change and inheritance modification d.Allele frequency change and descent with modification Natural selection increases the frequencies of advantageous alleles and decreases deleterious alleles' frequencies. What are the three categories of natural selection depending on the favored traits? a.Directive, selective and native b.Indicative, normative and fixative c.Directional, stabilizing and…arrow_forwardWhich statement is correct, based on current evolutionary theory? a. Selection will favor alleles only if they are good for the species. b. Selection will favor alleles only if, on average, they increase the reproductive success of individuals who have them. c. In small populations genetic drift can be more effective than natural selection in building adaptations. d. Selection sometimes favors alleles that systematically lower the reproductive success of the individuals who have them. e. Two of the above are correct.arrow_forwardIn white sands national monument in New Mexico there is a population of very pale lizards whose pale color matches the sand. Other lizard populations of the same species that live on rock are dark in color. What evolutionary is probably responsible for the pale color of the white sands lizards. Group of answer choices A. Mutation B. Sexual Selection C. Natural Selection D. Genetic Drift E. Migration (gene flow)arrow_forward
- Thepopulations of Chihuahua spruce (Picea chihuahuana) have been fragmented due tochanging climatic conditions. This has resulted in:a.stabilizing selection.b.large population sizes.c.an increase in genetic diversity within populations.d.genetic drift.e.all of the choices apply.arrow_forwardIn the movie on rock pocket mice, what did the team discover about black colouration? Select the ONE BEST answer. a. Fur colouration is the result of a new adaptive behaviour where pocket mice rolled in lava dust to camouflage themselves. b. It is the result of the same, single mutation in all populations. C. Different mutations cause similar dark colouration in different populations. d. One specific mutation causes black or white fur depending on the population. e. Fur colouration is the result of dietary changes in different environments, not natural selection.arrow_forwardWithin a particular population, darkly colored rats are more likely to survive than more lightly colored individuals. This situation is likely to result in a. directional selection. b. stabilizing selection. c. disruptive selection. d. balancing selection.arrow_forward
- Match the following examples with the type of natural selection they are describing: .A Stabilizing selection B. Disruptive selection C. Directional selection Natural selection selecting against very high and very low testosterone levels in a population, leading to relatively stable testosterone levels over time A finch species arriving to an island with only insects and large seeds, with natural selection favoring very thin and very thick beaks, but not medium beaks. A population of bacteria evolving to have an increasingly higher resistance against antibiotics A rodent population evolving to a progressively smaller size to enable better thermoregulationarrow_forwardWhat is neutral evolution? A. Neutral evolution does not exist. B. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to natural selection (they are advantageous or disadvantageous). C. When certain genes are present or absent in populations regardless of selection (they are not advantageous or disadvantageous). D. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to sexual selection (they are selected for by the opposite sex).arrow_forwardWhich of the following most accurately describes mutations? a. They typically have immediate and impactful evolutionary effects on populations. b. They are required for all populations to evolve. c. They are always deleterious. d. They occur so infrequently that most populations to harbor very little variation.arrow_forward
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