Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134988504
Author: Bennett, Jeffrey O., Donahue, M. (megan), SCHNEIDER, Nicholas, Voit, Mark
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 2, Problem 2QQ
To determine
Whether the Axis of the Earth points towards Polaris or Vega or Sun in spring time.
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Choose the best answer to each of the following. Explain your reasoning.
Which of the following is not true during Northern Hemisphere summer? (a) Sunlight strikes the ground at a
steeper angle in the Northern Hemisphere that it does in the Southern Hemisphere. (b) The Sun follows a
longer and higher path through the Northern Hemisphere sky than it does through the Southern Hemisphere
sky. (c) Noontime shadows are longer in the Northern Hemisphere that in the Southern Hemisphere.
For the following questions, use the data found in Appendix D.
Calculate the mass (in kg) of the Sun based on data for Saturn's orbit. (Use G = 6.67 x 10-11 N · m2/kg? in your calculations. Round your answer to at least four significant figures.)
kg
Compare the above calculated value with the Sun's actual mass. (Round your answer to at least three decimal places.)
m calculated =
mactual
State the definition for a parsec, and derive its value in terms of As- tronomical Units. Convert your answer for the value of the distance of a parsec in Astronomical Units into light years. Be sure to include a large and clearly labeled diagram showing how you arrived at your conclusions. Be sure to show all work!
Chapter 2 Solutions
Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
Ch. 2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 2 - Prob. 2QQCh. 2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....
Ch. 2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 2 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 2 - Prob. 13SEQCh. 2 - Explain all answers clearly, using complete...Ch. 2 - Explain all answers clearly, using complete...Ch. 2 - Explain all answers clearly, using complete...Ch. 2 - Prob. 17SEQCh. 2 - Prob. 18SEQCh. 2 - Explain all answers clearly, using complete...Ch. 2 - Explain all answers clearly, using complete...Ch. 2 - Explain all answers clearly, using complete...Ch. 2 - Explain all answers clearly, using complete...
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- As discussed in class, the moon is receding from the Earth due to tides at a rate of ~4 cm/year. Let’s assume that rate has been constant throughout time (it wasn’t, but we can use it to illustrate some key points). Its current semi-major axis is 384,400 km.a) If the moon formed 4.5 billion years ago and has been receding from the Earth ever since, what was its original semi-major axis? What was its original orbital period?b) What would the apparent size of the Moon have been in the sky as viewed from Earth? That is, in Hmwk 2, you were told the diameter of the Moon spans about 0.5o when viewed from Earth today. What would it have been when the Moon first formed? Reletive Numbers Relevant Numbers1 AU = 150,000,000 km = 1.5x108 kmEccentricity of Earth’s Orbit: 0.0167Radius of Earth: 6371 kmMass of Earth: 5.96x1024 kgRadius of the Moon: 1737 kmMass of Moon: 7.34x1022 kgRadius of Mars: 3390 kmMass of Mars: 6.4x1023 kgRadius of the Sun: R⦿=696,300 kmMass of the Sun: M⦿=2x1030…arrow_forwardThis is Pre-Calc! Please help and Thank you! Please click the pics for the background info Directions: Answer questions 1-8 based on the information on Table 1. Round all answers to the nearest thousandth and label with the appropriate units. 1. According to Table 1, what is the closest distance between Earth and Mars? 2. According to Table 1, what is the farthest distance between Earth and Mars? 3. Based on your answers from #2 and #3, what is the average distance between the two planets? 4. Based on your answers from #2 and #3, what is the amplitude of the distances? 5. The distance has a period of 772 days. Write a sinusoidal equation relating the number of days and distance from Earth to Mars. 6. Based on the equation from #5, what is the distance between our planets on Mr. Schutt’s birthday (day 187)? 7. Write a sinusoidal equation relating the number of days and the one-waycommunication between Earth to Mars. 8. What is the one-way communication time delay between our planets on…arrow_forwardThe table below presents the semi-major axis (a) and Actual orbital period for all of the major planets in the solar system. Cube for each planet the semi-major axis in Astronomical Units. Then take the square root of this number to get the Calculated orbital period of each planet. Fill in the final row of data for each planet. Table of Data for Kepler’s Third Law: Table of Data for Kepler’s Third Law: Planet aau = Semi-Major Axis (AU) Actual Planet Calculated Planet Period (Yr) Period (Yr) __________ ______________________ ___________ ________________ Mercury 0.39 0.24 Venus 0.72 0.62 Earth 1.00 1.00 Mars 1.52 1.88 Jupiter…arrow_forward
- Please use the info to answer the question. Please circle your answer.arrow_forwardbetween a planet and its moon. Procedure/Analysis: Go to: https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Interactives/Circular-and-Satellite- Motion/Gravitational-Fields/Gravitational-Fields-Interactive Use the program to answer the following questions. 1. A planet and its moon are shown in the simulation window. Click and drag the moon to various positions about the planet and observe the gravitational force vector. In the diagram below, draw a force vector (arrow with arrowhead) to depict the direction and relative magnitude of the force acting upon the moon at the designated locations. Note: the size of the arrow should be representative of the strength of the force.arrow_forwardProblem 2. Planetary Body Composition: Density (Links to an external site.) of the Earth (Palen, et. al., 1st Edition, Chapter 6, problem 70) Earth’s mean (Links to an external site.) radius is 6,378 km and its mass is 5.97 x 1024 kg. CALCULATE Earth’s average (Links to an external site.) density. SHOW YOUR WORK. DO NOT LOOK UP THIS VALUE! The average density of Earth’s crust is 2,600 kg/m3. What does this tell you about Earth’s interior?arrow_forward
- Please provide the solution to the following question using the GRASS method. (Unit: Gravitational, Electric, and Magnetic Fields). Images attached are the formulas for this unit and the question. Please make sure to show all your work using the GRASS (given, required, analysis, solution, and statement) method and using formulas from this unit (Gravitational, Electric, and Magnetic Fields).arrow_forwardRead the questions comprehensively. Write your complete solution on the solution box and encircle or box the final answer. Don’t forget the SI unit.arrow_forwardShow your complete, clear and detailed solution. Please explain also how did you get your answer. Thank you.arrow_forward
- Find which line in the following outlined problem contains a mistake. Explain how to correct the mistake, if there is one. "Study the problem and proposed solution below. Is the final answer correct? Then click the No mistakes button. Is the final answer wrong? Then click the button in front of the line with the first mistake and correct the mistake." Note: don't worry about correcting the rest of the solution, after the first mistake.arrow_forwardDelay time for communication between GEO satellites and Earth. Use the relationship between distance (d), time (t) and speed (v), d = vt to repeat the calculation we did in class, but this time using the English units. Use the fact that GEO satellites orbit at 22,236 miles above Earth's equator, and that the speed of light is 1.86 x 105 mi/s. (Note that both of these values are equivalent to those used in class.) You may want to write this calculation on paper and insert a photo here.arrow_forwardLet's use Kepler's laws for the inner planets. Use the following distances from the sun to calculate the orbital period for each of these planets. Express your answer in terms of Earth years to two significant figures. Answer for the highlighted planet in each question. Note: Use Kepler's law directly. Don't just Google the answers, as they will be a little bit different. When you have calculated them, only submit the value for Earth. Planet Distance from the sun Period of orbit around the sun Earth 150 million km ___ Earth years Mercury 58 million km ___ Earth years Venus 108 million km ___ Earth years Mars 228 million km ___ Earth yearsarrow_forward
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