Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 2CS
If allele frequencies in the hemoglobin gene are influenced by sickle cell anemia on the one hand and by resistance to malaria on the other hand, what factors may cause a change in these allele frequencies over time?
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Sickle-cell disease (often called sickle-cell anemia) is a disease that is caused by a mutation to the gene that is responsible for producing the protein hemoglobin. Remember that hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells which is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. When a person possesses the mutated hemoglobin allele, their red blood cells take on an altered shape and this results in a variety of symptoms ranging from general weakening of the body, damage to the organs and even death. The sickle cell allele is recessive to the healthy allele, thus only individuals that are homozygous for the recessive allele will have sickle-cell disease. Individuals that are homozygous for the healthy allele, along with heterozygous, individuals will be physically healthy.
Question:
Given that this mutated allele will cause disease and death in individuals, what would you predict to occur to the frequency of this allele in the population? Explain.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19.8 - Why dont genetic markers on the Y chromosome...Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 2GRCh. 19 - If you suspected that heterozygous carriers of a...Ch. 19 - If allele frequencies in the hemoglobin gene are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4QPCh. 19 - Prob. 5QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...
Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10QPCh. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17QPCh. 19 - Prob. 18QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Natural Selection Affects the Frequency of Genetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 21QPCh. 19 - Prob. 22QPCh. 19 - The Evolutionary History and Spread of Our Species...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24QPCh. 19 - Genomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome...
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- Given the information regarding sickle cell anemia, if two carriers were to have children, what would be the genotypes and phenotypes of their children? Would any of the children show symptoms of the disease?arrow_forwardDescribe the phenotype of individuals who inherit two copies of the HbS allele-Sickle Cell Disease. ( find a source to support the information)arrow_forwardThe farmers in La Trinidad, Benguet have a remarkable ability to work in the cold without gloves and not suffer decreased skin blood flow. Does this prove that there is a genetic difference between the farmers in La Trinidad and the other people with regard to this characteristic?arrow_forward
- Explain the differences between an individual homozygous for the sickle hemoglobin allele (HbS/HbS) and one who is heterozygous (HbA/HbS). Consider the hemoglobin molecule, cells, and disease.arrow_forwardWhy does sickle-cell anaemia persist in the human population when it is believed that the harmful alleles get eliminated from the population after a certain time?arrow_forwardBACKGROUND Sickle cell disease is caused by a change in the gene for hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Individuals who are homozygous for the sickle cell trait often cannot endure exercise. Individuals who are heterozygous for the trait can have sickle cell attacks under extreme conditions. Normal individuals (Hb Hb) have only normal hemoglobin. Homozygous sickle cell individuals (Hb Hb') have only sickle cell hemoglobin. Heterozygous individuals (Hbs Hb) have both normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin. Jerry Smith collapsed while running a race for his track team. A doctor said that he had a sickle cell attack. Genetic tests were run on several family members. The test results are shown below. An X indicates that form of hemoglobin in red blood cells. PROBLEM How can you determine the genotypes of people in a family? TABLE 1. FAMILY PHENOTYPES Normal Hemoglobin Subject Jerry Smith Jerry's brother Jerry's younger sister Jerry's youngest sister…arrow_forward
- In parts of equatorial Africa, where the malaria parasite is most common, the sickle-cell allele constitutes 20% of the ß-hemoglobin alleles in the human gene pool. The sickle cell trait provides an advantage against malaria compared to people with normal hemoglobin. In the United States, the parasite that causes malaria is not present, but African Americans whose ancestors were from equatorial Africa have the sickle-cell B- hemoglobin allele. These differences in traits illustrate O inclusive fitness because people have evolved molecular differences to adapt to environmental stimuli O inclusive fitness because ß-hemoglobin increases the proliferation of beneficial traits in the population O relative fitness because people have evolved molecular differences to an environmental pathogen O relative fitness because the molecular differences in ß-hemoglobin are passed to the next generationarrow_forwardIn a hypothetical population, 16% have sickle-cell anemia. The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. ( sickle-cell anemia is recessive) What is the frequency of the allele for sickle-cell anemia? What is the frequency of the allele for normal hemoglobin?arrow_forwardWhat is sickle cell anemia? What is the true inheritance pattern? How did scientists discover the true inheritance pattern?arrow_forward
- Sickle-cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. How many mutated hemoglobin alleles do people with sickle-cell disease have?arrow_forwardSuppose we define the Alzheimer’s disease phenotype as being diagnosed with the disease by age 75 years. In the human population, there are three alleles of the ApoE gene: ε2, ε3, ε4. They form an allelic series such that: 70% of 75 year olds with the ε4/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 60% of 75 year olds with the ε3/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 40% of 75 year olds with the ε3/ ε3 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 30% of 75 year olds with the ε2/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 10% of 75 year olds with the ε2/ ε3 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype If I have the ε4/ ε4 genotype and my wife has the ε2/ ε3 genotype, what is the probability that our child will have Alzheimer’s by age 75. Explain your reasoningarrow_forwardSuppose we define the Alzheimer’s disease phenotype as being diagnosed with the disease by age 75 years. In the human population, there are three alleles of the ApoE gene: ε2, ε3, ε4. They form an allelic series such that: 70% of 75 year olds with the ε4/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 60% of 75 year olds with the ε3/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 40% of 75 year olds with the ε3/ ε3 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 30% of 75 year olds with the ε2/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 10% of 75 year olds with the ε2/ ε3 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype If I have the ε4/ ε4 genotype and my wife has the ε2/ ε3 genotype, what is the probability that our child will have Alzheimer’s by age 75. Explain your reasoning. [Can be answered in less than 75 words]arrow_forward
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