Concept explainers
Radiolabeling with 14C-Glutamate Describe the labeling pattern that would result from the introduction into the TCA cycle of glutamate labeled at Cy with 14C.
Interpretation:
The labeling pattern that would result in the introduction of TCA cycle of glutamate
Concept Introduction:
The technique used to track the passage of an isotope or patterns is known as labeling pattern. TCA cycle is abbreviated as tricarboxylic acid. During this cycle, the organism especially aerobic organisms release the energy which will be a stored through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.
Explanation of Solution
During Mitochondrial Pyruvate Transport, Glutamate maintains the TCA cycle and survival of the cell. The labeling pattern results in the same as the labeling pattern of methyl carbon of acetyl −CoA. Glutamate is converted into a-ketoglutarate and carbon a-ketoglutarate is present in the same position of methyl carbon of acetyl −CoA in the stage of the TCA cycle. In the first cycle, central carbons get labeled. In the second cycle, all the carbons will get a quarter of the label. In the first two cycles, the loss of radioactivity will not be observed. However, in later cycles, 50 % of loss of radioactivity is noticed in the level of each cycle.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biochemistry
- Explain the chemical change that occurs in converting kynurenine (a product of tryptophan degradation) to kynurenate, a reaction in which α-ketoglutarate is transformed to glutamate.arrow_forwardReferring to for E′0 values, calculate ΔG°′ for oxidation of malate by malate dehydrogenase.arrow_forwardTPCK and TLCK are irreversible inhibitors of serine proteases. One ofthese inhibits trypsin and the other chymotrypsin. Which is which? Explainyour reasoning. Suggest the effects of each of the following mutations on the physiologicalrole of chymotrypsinogen:(a) R15S(b) C1S(c) T147Sarrow_forward
- Write out the balanced chemical equation for the FIRST round of oxidation of C16:cis-9.arrow_forwardDescribe the roles of dUTPase, thymidylate synthase, and dihydrofolate reductase in the synthesis of dTMP.arrow_forwardOne treatment for hyperuricemia is administration of xanthine oxidase inhibitors like allopurinol. What is the biochemical rationale for this treatment? Discuss the mechanism and show an illustration how this drug able to alleviate symptoms of hyperuricemia?arrow_forward
- By analysis of the kinetics of interconversion of (1-13C]FBP and [6-13C]FBP and the appearance of 3-PGA and PEP in further experiments such as shown in the figure above, it was concluded that the rate of oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) was hindered under conditions of anaerobiosis. Separate experiments showed that the activity of 3-phosphoglcerate kinase was normaland that the concentrations of ADP and ATP were not limiting. What metabolic condition is the most likely to account for this conclusion? Write the reaction using structural formulas and naming reactantsarrow_forwardUsing the principles described in the text regarding pyridoxal phosphate mechanisms, propose a mechanism for the reaction catalyzed by serine hydroxymethyltransferase.arrow_forward6-Mercaptopurine , after its conversion to the corresponding nucleotide through salvage reactions, is a potent competitive inhibitor of IMP in the pathways for AMP and GMP biosynthesis. It is therefore a clinically useful anticancer agent. The chemotherapeutic effectiveness of 6 mercaptopurine is enhanced when it is administered with allopurinol. Explain the mechanism of this enhancement.arrow_forward
- Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is a potent stimulator of phosphofructokinase. Explain how fructose 2,6-bisphosphate might function in the concerted model for allosteric enzymes.arrow_forwardGive a possible set of bacterial factors (or lack thereof) and what properties they have that would explain an increase in the 50% inhibitory concentration for tetracycline by 1,000-fold in an organism.arrow_forwardWithin the body, CoQ 10 can be found in an oxidized or reduced form (also known as ubiquinone and ubiquinol). Describe how these structures differ and the biochemical role of coenzyme Q10.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON