Concept explainers
Interpretation:
To identify the
Concept Introduction:
A group of atoms which are responsible for the
A stereo centre is the centre where all the 4 groups attached to a carbon are different.
A keto group stays in the equilibrium with its enol (−OH) form by resonance.
NaBH4 is a reducing agent it reduces
Interpretation:
To draw the stereorepresentation of the r enantiomer as s enantiomer is more active than r enantiomer.
Concept Introduction:
A stereo centre is the centre where all the 4 groups attached to a carbon are different.
A keto group stays in the equilibrium with its enol (−OH) form by resonance.
NaBH4 is a reducing agent it reduces ketone or aldehyde to an alcohol.
Interpretation:
To draw the structural formula of keto form of Warfarin.
Concept Introduction:
A stereo centre is the centre where all the 4 groups attached to a carbon are different.
A keto group stays in the equilibrium with its enol (−OH) form by resonance.
NaBH4 is a reducing agent it reduces ketone or aldehyde to an alcohol.
Interpretation:
To draw the product formed by treating warfarin with NaBH4..
Concept Introduction:
A stereo centre is the centre where all the 4 groups attached to a carbon are different.
A keto group stays in the equilibrium with its enol (−OH) form by resonance.
NaBH4 is a reducing agent it reduces ketone or aldehyde to an alcohol.
Interpretation:
The number of molecules of warfarin present in 4 mg tablet should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A stereo centre is the centre where all the 4 groups attached to a carbon are different.
A keto group stays in the equilibrium with its enol (−OH) form by resonance.
NaBH4 is a reducing agent it reduces ketone or aldehyde to an alcohol.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
- (a) Draw the structure of the hemiacetal formed from one mole of benzaldehyde and one mole of ethanol. (b) Draw the structure of the acetal formed from one mole of benzaldehyde and two moles of ethanol. (c) Draw the structure of 2-methoxy-2-butanol. What compounds could you prepare this from? (d) Draw the structure of 3-methoxyl-2-butanol. What functional groups are present? Is this an acetal, a hemiacetal, or neither? Explain. (e) Identify the functional groups in the molecules shown below. Circle any acetals or hemiacetal, and identify which they are. 0-arrow_forward16-58 Following is a structural formula of desosamine, a sugar component of several macrolide antibiotics, including the erythromycins. The configuration shown here is that of the natural product. Erythromycin is produced by a strain of Streptomyces erythreus originally found in a soil sample from the Philippine Archipelago. ch3 T Desosamine Name all the functional groups in desosamine. (Chapter 10) How many stereocenters are present in desosamine? How many stereoisomers are possible for it? How many pairs of enantiomers are possible for it? Draw the alternative chair conformations for desosamine and label which groups are equatorial and which are axial. (d > Which of the alternative chair conformations for desosamine is more stable?arrow_forwardLabel each of the following structures as a cyclic hemiacetal, hemiketal, acetal, ketal, or none of these: a. b. c.arrow_forward
- Label each of the following structures as a hemiacetal, hemiketal, acetal, ketal, or none of these: a. c. b.arrow_forward18-18 Propanoic acid and methyl acetate are constitutional isomers, and both are liquids at room temperature. One of these compounds has a boiling point of 141°C; the other has a boiling point of 57°C. Which compound has which boiling point? Explain.arrow_forward15-10 Define the term “stereoisomer.” Name three types of stereoisomers.arrow_forward
- Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l)CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)⟶H+CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.40 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield, The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.45g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol?arrow_forwardEthyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Part A Given 7.30 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. Part B A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. Part C The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.30 gg of…arrow_forwardClick the "draw structure" button to launch the drawing utility. Draw the product formed when the following a.f-unsaturated ketone is treated with [1] (CH,-CH),CuLi; [2] H,O. draw structure .arrow_forward
- Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Given 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.50 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess…arrow_forwardWhat happens when(i) CH3—Cl is treated with aqueous KOH?(ii) CH3—Cl is treated with KCN?(iii) CH3—Br is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether?arrow_forward(a) Draw the structure of the hemiacetal formed from one mole of benzaldehyde and one mole of ethanol. (b) Draw the structure of the acetal formed from one mole of benzaldehyde and two moles of ethanol. (c) Draw the structure of 2-methoxy-2-butanol. What compounds could you prepare this from?arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning