Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 16.3CC
Changes in chromatin packing correlate with changes in gene expression in most cells. Without knowing any details about transcription of DNA into RNA, why do you think this is true?
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(b)
(c)
Point mutations in multiple tumor suppressor proteins have been linked to cancer. For
example changes in the gene for adenomatous-polyposis-coli protein (APC gene) may
result in colorectal cancer. Consider the following DNA sense strand.
3-TAC CGG TTG TGA AGC TGA ATC-5'
Derive the mRNA molecule from the given DNA strand sequence above,
paying attention to the polarity of the molecule.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Write down the polypeptide chain sequence arising from the mRNA molecule
of the question above, using the table of the genetic code (Table Q1 overleaf)
and indicate the C- and the N-terminus of the peptide chain.
Point mutations of a cytosine (C) often lead to the dysfunction of the APC
protein. Write down all possible polypeptide chains that can result from all
possible DNA mutations of cytosines, disregarding a mutation in the
MET/START and STOP codons.
Specify which of the point mutations identified in (d) are redundant?
For the given tRNA for Thrombin (Thr) write down all…
Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA?
Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls.
What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene?
Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations)
Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.
Which of the following statements most accurately represent chromatin state and transcription?
Group of answer choices
1.Histone deacetylases promote closed chromatin and result in repressed transcription
2.Open chromatin is associated with hypoacetylation and has high levels of transcription
3.Histone acetyltransferases result in hypoacetylation and high levels of transcription
4.Hyperacetylation is associated with closed chromatin and low levels of transcription
Chapter 16 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 16 - Based on what you know about protein and DNA, why...Ch. 16 - The GC content of the DNA from a newly discovered...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1QCh. 16 - Changes in chromatin packing correlate with...Ch. 16 - You are studying a cytosolic protein, and your...Ch. 16 - Prior Knowledge. Virtually every experiment...Ch. 16 - DNA Base Composition. Based on your understanding...Ch. 16 - DNA Structure. Carefully inspect the...Ch. 16 - QUANTITATIVE DNA Melting. Figure 16-36 shows the...Ch. 16 - DNA Renaturation. You are given two samples of...
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- Regulation of Gene Expression by Chromatin Modification is Local and Dynamic! What does the statement above mean?arrow_forwardThe diagram below shows the structure of DNA from the level of a gene to a condensed mitotic chromosome. At each of the four locations marked, indicate how a gene may be regulated by selecting from the choices given. Some answer choices may fit into more than one position; however, you should use each answer choice only once. Choices given: Alternative splicing within the gene sequence can lead to different forms of mRNA. A promoter region can be blocked by another protein. Histone deacetylation can prevent DNA from unwinding. A regulatory region can be bound and increase transcription rates.arrow_forwardYou add a chemical to a cell that prevents all of the chromatin from uncoiling so that the chromosomes remain highly coiled, even after the completion of mitosis. If you add a transcription factor that triggers the transcription of mRNA for the protein Pitx in this situation what would happen. Group of answer choices A)All transcription of Pitx is stopped by the transcription factor B)Nothing because the Pitx gene is already being transcribed at the maximum ratea C)Nothing, because the Pitx gene cannot be transcribed in this highly coild state D)The amount of transcription of Pitx is greatly increasedtarrow_forward
- What would happen if any of the stages involved in the translation of DNA to protein were altered/irregular? What effect will this modification have on the protein?arrow_forwardWhich of the following most accurately describes the process involved in protein synthesis? Transcription factors activate promoter region -> transcription by mRNA -> translation by ribosomes Translation by ribosomes -> transcription factors activate promoter region -> transcription by mRNA Transcription by mRNA -> transcription factors activate promoter region -> translation by ribosomes Translation by ribosomes -> transcription by mRNA -> transcription factors activate promoter regionarrow_forwardHeterochromatin is chromatin that is very compact, containing genes that are silenced. What epigenetic modifications might you find in heterochromatin?arrow_forward
- What is a possible outcome of the addition of a transcription factor such as Myod to the nucleus of a cell? Assume that there are no other factors to either activate or prevent the response of the cell. Group of answer choices A) Production of mRNA from genes that were previously not expresed B)adding methyl groups to DNA C)prevention of protein synthesis D)uncoiling of the chromatin to allow transcriptionarrow_forwardDiscuss the role of chromatin proteins in regulating gene expression. How does the three-dimensional structure of the chromatin affect genetic regulation? How do hormones influence genetic regulation?arrow_forwardNot all genes encoded in the DNA are transcribed into RNA or translated into protein. Explain how this mechanism protects the integrity of the cell.arrow_forward
- Why siRNA phenomenon is utilized in cell biology? Because specific gene silencing leads to blocking protein translation Because specific gene silencing leads to blocking mRNA transcription Because specific gene silencing leads to blocking DNA replication All answers are correctarrow_forwardChromatin decompaction is a preliminary step in gene expression (Figure 29.48). How is chromatin decompacted?arrow_forwardMatch the type of chromatin modification with the most likely effect on gene expression near the modified region. Each answer will be used once. -Increased expression -decreased expression -may increase or decrease expression a)Histone acetylation b)Histone methylation c)CpG methylationarrow_forward
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