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Physics: Principles with Applications
- According to the Ideal Gas Law, PV = KT, where P is pressure, V is volume, T is temperature (in kelvins), and k is a constant of proportionality. A tank contains 1300 cubic inches of nitrogen at a pressure of 40 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 300 K. (a) Determine k. k = (b) Write P as a function of V and T and describe the level curves. P = Setting P = c, the level curves are of the form V =arrow_forwardVRMS-1 Consider a container of Argon gas at a temperature of 25.0 °C. The mass of an Argon atom is 39.96 AMU, where 1 AMU = 1.66×10-27 kg. (a) What is the average kinetic energy per Argon atom, in Joules (J)? (b) What is the RMS average speed of the Argon atoms, in meters per second (m/s)? (c) What would the temperature of the gas have to be for the RMS average speed to 275 m/s? Give your answer in degrees Celsius (°C).arrow_forwardCeres is the largest asteriod in the Solar System.But with a mass of q.38 x 102º kg, a radius of 469.73 KM,and a maximum surface temperature of - 38.15°C it doesn't have enough gravity to keep an atmosphere.If the density of Ceres were to remain the same, what would its radius need to be (in kilometers) for itš escape velocity to the rms speed Of Hydrogen gas (H,) ot its maximum svrface temperature?arrow_forward
- The tidal lung volume of human breathing, representing the amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath, is 500 cm³. (Assume atmospheric pressure.) (a) What is the number of molecules of air inhaled with each human breath when the air temperature is 25.0°C? molecules (b) If the molar mass of air is 28.96 g/mol, what is the mass (in g) of air molecules inhaled with each breath? (Assume the air temperature is 25.0°C.) g (c) It has been calculated that all of the air in Earth's atmosphere could be collected into a sphere of diameter 1,999 km at a pressure of 1.00 atm. What is the mass (in kg) of the air in Earth's atmosphere? (Assume the density of air used in this calculation was 1.225 kg/m³.) kg (d) If all 7 billion humans on Earth inhaled simultaneously, what percentage of the atmosphere would be inhaled during this process? (Assume the air temperature is 25.0°C everywhere on Earth.) %arrow_forwardCompute the density in units of of an ideal gas under the following conditions: a) At and Torr pressure (1 Torr = 1mm Hg) this is called loschmidt number. b) In a vacuum of Torr at room temperature . This number is useful one for the experimentalist to know by heart. (10^-3 Torr = 1 micron)arrow_forwardIdeal gases are often studied at standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP). The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines SATP to be T = 25° C and P = 100 kPa. a. Calculate N/V (in particles per cubic meter) for an ideal gas at SATP b. How many atoms of an ideal gas at SATP are there in one cubic centimeter?arrow_forward
- In the text, it was shown that N / V = 2.68×1025 m−3 for gas at STP. (a) Show that this quantity is equivalent to N / V = 2.68×1019 cm−3 , as stated. (b) About how many atoms are there in one μm3 (a cubic micrometer) at STP?(c) What does your answer to part (b) imply about the separation of atoms and molecules?arrow_forwarddT Newton's law of cooling states that the rate of change in the temperature T(t) of a body is proportional to the difference between the temperature of the medium M(t) and the temperature of the body. That is, = K[M(t) - T(t)), where dt Kis a constant. Let K= 0.04 (min)' and the temperature of the medium be constant, M(t) = 290 kelvins. If the body is initially at 352 kelvins, use Euler's method with h =0.1 min to approximate the temperature of the body after (a) 30 minutes and (b) 60 minutes. (a) The temperature of the body after 30 minutes is 308.62 kelvins. (Round to two decimal places as needed.) (b) The temperature of the body after 60 minutes is kelvins. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)arrow_forwardThe volume V of an ideal gas varies directly with the temperature T and inversely with the pressure P. If a cylinder of 50 liters contains oxygen at a temperature of 200 K and a pressure of 5 atmospheres, what would the gas pressure be if the volume was changed to 30 liters and the temperature raised to 240 K?arrow_forward
- The tidal lung volume of human breathing, representing the amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath, is 500 cm3. (Assume atmospheric pressure.) (a) What is the number of molecules of air inhaled with each human breath when the air temperature is 27.0°C?arrow_forwardThe Stefan-Boltzmann Law says that the light radiated from a perfect radiator ("blackbody") is proportional to the temperature raised to the fourth power: where σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constrant (σ = 5.67 x 10-8 in MKS units) In equilibrium, F coming in equals F going out. At Mars' distance from the Sun, F coming in is 153 in MKS units. What is the blackbody temperature for Mars at a distance of 1.524 AU from the Sun?arrow_forwardAccording to the Ideal Gas Law, PV = kT, where P is pressure, Vis volume, T is temperature (in Kelvins), and k is a constant of proportionality. A tank contains 2000 cubic inches of nitrogen at a pressure of 26 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 600 K. Determine the EXACT value of k.arrow_forward
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